C++

Reference

C library:
- <cassert> (assert.h)
- <cctype> (ctype.h)
- <cerrno> (errno.h)
- C++11
  <cfenv> (fenv.h)
- <cfloat> (float.h)
- C++11
  <cinttypes> (inttypes.h)
- <ciso646> (iso646.h)
- <climits> (limits.h)
- <clocale> (locale.h)
- <cmath> (math.h)
- <csetjmp> (setjmp.h)
- <csignal> (signal.h)
- <cstdarg> (stdarg.h)
- C++11
  <cstdbool> (stdbool.h)
- <cstddef> (stddef.h)
- C++11
  <cstdint> (stdint.h)
- <cstdio> (stdio.h)
- <cstdlib> (stdlib.h)
- <cstring> (string.h)
- C++11
  <ctgmath> (tgmath.h)
- <ctime> (time.h)
- C++11
  <cuchar> (uchar.h)
- <cwchar> (wchar.h)
- <cwctype> (wctype.h)
Containers:
- C++11
  <array>
- <deque>
- C++11
  <forward_list>
- <list>
- <map>
- <queue>
- <set>
- <stack>
- C++11
  <unordered_map>
- C++11
  <unordered_set>
- <vector>
Input/Output:
- <fstream>
- <iomanip>
- <ios>
- <iosfwd>
- <iostream>
- <istream>
- <ostream>
- <sstream>
- <streambuf>
Multi-threading:
- C++11
  <atomic>
- C++11
  <condition_variable>
- C++11
  <future>
- C++11
  <mutex>
- C++11
  <thread>
Other:
- <algorithm>
- <bitset>
- C++11
  <chrono>
- C++11
  <codecvt>
- <complex>
- <exception>
- <functional>
- C++11
  <initializer_list>
- <iterator>
- <limits>
- <locale>
- <memory>
- <new>
- <numeric>
- C++11
  <random>
- C++11
  <ratio>
- C++11
  <regex>
- <stdexcept>
- <string>
- C++11
  <system_error>
- C++11
  <tuple>
- C++11
  <type_traits>
- C++11
  <typeindex>
- <typeinfo>
- <utility>
- <valarray>

<string>

class templates
- basic_string
- char_traits
classes
- string
- C++11
  u16string
- C++11
  u32string
- wstring
functions
- C++11
  stod
- C++11
  stof
- C++11
  stoi
- C++11
  stol
- C++11
  stold
- C++11
  stoll
- C++11
  stoul
- C++11
  stoull
- C++11
  to_string
- C++11
  to_wstring

basic_string

Reference
<string>
basic_string

class template

std::basic_string

template < class charT,           class traits = char_traits<charT>,    // basic_string::traits_type           class Alloc = allocator<charT>        // basic_string::allocator_type           > class basic_string;

Generic string class

The basic_string is the generalization of class string for any character type (see string for a description).

Template parameters

charT: Character type.
The string is formed by a sequence of characters of this type.
This shall be a non-array POD type.
traits: Character traits class that defines essential properties of the characters used by basic_string objects (see char_traits).
traits::char_type shall be the same as charT.
Aliased as member type basic_string::traits_type.
Alloc: Type of the allocator object used to define the storage allocation model. By default, the allocator class template is used, which defines the simplest memory allocation model and is value-independent.
Aliased as member type basic_string::allocator_type.

Note: Because the first template parameter is not aliased as any member type, charT is used throughout this reference to refer to this type.

Template instantiations

string: String class (class)

wstring: Wide string (class)

u16string: String of 16-bit characters (class)

u32string: String of 32-bit characters (class)

Member types

member type	definition	notes
`traits_type`	The second template parameter (`traits`)	defaults to: `char_traits<charT>`
`allocator_type`	The third template parameter (`Alloc`)	defaults to: `allocator<charT>`
`value_type`	`traits_type::char_type`	shall be the same as `charT`
`reference`	`allocator_type::reference`	for the default allocator: `charT&`
`const_reference`	`allocator_type::const_reference`	for the default allocator: `const charT&`
`pointer`	`allocator_type::pointer`	for the default allocator: `charT*`
`const_pointer`	`allocator_type::const_pointer`	for the default allocator: `const charT*`
`iterator`	a random access iterator to `charT`	convertible to `const_iterator`
`const_iterator`	a random access iterator to `const charT`
`reverse_iterator`	`reverse_iterator<iterator>`
`const_reverse_iterator`	`reverse_iterator<const_iterator>`
`difference_type`	`allocator_type::difference_type`	usually the same as ptrdiff_t
`size_type`	`allocator_type::size_type`	usually the same as size_t

member type	definition	notes
`traits_type`	The second template parameter (`traits`)	defaults to: `char_traits<charT>`
`allocator_type`	The third template parameter (`Alloc`)	defaults to: `allocator<charT>`
`value_type`	`traits_type::char_type`	shall be the same as `charT`
`reference`	`value_type&`
`const_reference`	`const value_type&`
`pointer`	`allocator_traits<allocator_type>::pointer`	for the default allocator: `charT*`
`const_pointer`	`allocator_traits<allocator_type>::const_pointer`	for the default allocator: `const charT*`
`iterator`	a random access iterator to `charT`	convertible to `const_iterator`
`const_iterator`	a random access iterator to `const charT`
`reverse_iterator`	`reverse_iterator<iterator>`
`const_reverse_iterator`	`reverse_iterator<const_iterator>`
`difference_type`	`allocator_traits<allocator_type>::difference_type`	usually the same as ptrdiff_t
`size_type`	`allocator_traits<allocator_type>::size_type`	usually the same as size_t

Member functions

(constructor): Construct basic_string object (public member function)

(destructor): String destructor (public member function)

operator=: String assignment (public member function)

Iterators:

begin: Return iterator to beginning (public member function)

end: Return iterator to end (public member function)

rbegin: Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)

rend: Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function)

cbegin: Return const_iterator to beginning (public member function)

cend: Return const_iterator to end (public member function)

crbegin: Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)

crend: Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse end (public member function)

Capacity:

size: Return size (public member function)

length: Return length of string (public member function)

max_size: Return maximum size (public member function)

resize: Resize string (public member function)

capacity: Return size of allocated storage (public member function)

reserve: Request a change in capacity (public member function)

clear: Clear string (public member function)

empty: Test whether string is empty (public member function)

shrink_to_fit: Shrink to fit (public member function)

Element access:

operator[]: Get character of string (public member function)

at: Get character of string (public member function)

back: Access last character (public member function)

front: Access first character (public member function)

Modifiers:

operator+=: Append to string (public member function)

append: Append to string (public member function)

push_back: Append character to string (public member function)

assign: Assign content to string (public member function)

insert: Insert into string (public member function)

erase: Erase characters from string (public member function)

replace: Replace portion of string (public member function)

swap: Swap string values (public member function)

pop_back: Delete last character (public member function)

String operations:

c_str: Get C-string equivalent

data: Get string data (public member function)

get_allocator: Get allocator (public member function)

copy: Copy sequence of characters from string (public member function)

find: Find first occurrence in string (public member function)

rfind: Find last occurrence in string (public member function)

find_first_of: Find character in string (public member function)

find_last_of: Find character in string from the end (public member function)

find_first_not_of: Find non-matching character in string (public member function)

find_last_not_of: Find non-matching character in string from the end (public member function)

substr: Generate substring (public member function)

compare: Compare strings (public member function)

Non-member function overloads

operator+: Concatenate strings (function template)

relational operators: Relational operators for basic_string (function template)

swap: Exchanges the values of two strings (function template)

operator>>: Extract string from stream (function template)

operator<<: Insert string into stream (function template)

getline: Get line from stream into string (function template)

Member constants

npos: Maximum value of size_type (public static member constant)

C++

Reference

C library:

Containers:

Input/Output:

Multi-threading:

Other:

<string>

class templates

classes

functions