public member function
<string>
| string (1) | size_type find (const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0) const; |
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| c-string (2) | size_type find (const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const; |
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| buffer (3) | size_type find (const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const; |
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| character (4) | size_type find (charT c, size_type pos = 0) const; |
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| string (1) | size_type find (const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0) const noexcept; |
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| c-string (2) | size_type find (const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const; |
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| buffer (3) | size_type find (const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const; |
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| character (4) | size_type find (charT c, size_type pos = 0) const noexcept; |
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Find first occurrence in string
Searches the basic_string for the first occurrence of the sequence specified by its arguments.
When pos is specified, the search only includes characters at or after position pos, ignoring any possible occurrences that include characters before pos.
The function uses traits_type::eq to determine character equivalences.
Notice that unlike member find_first_of, whenever more than one character is being searched for, it is not enough that just one of these characters match, but the entire sequence must match.
Parameters
- str
- Another basic_string with the subject to search for.
- pos
- Position of the first character in the string to be considered in the search.
If this is greater than the string length, the function never finds matches.
Note: The first character is denoted by a value of 0 (not 1): A value of 0 means that the entire string is searched.
- s
- Pointer to an array of characters.
If argument n is specified (3), the sequence to match are the first n characters in the array.
Otherwise (2), a null-terminated sequence is expected: the length of the sequence to match is determined by the first occurrence of a null character.
- n
- Length of sequence of characters to match.
- c
- Individual character to be searched for.
charT is basic_string's character type (i.e., its first template parameter).
Member type size_type is an unsigned integral type.
Return Value
The position of the first character of the first match.
If no matches were found, the function returns basic_string::npos.
Member type size_type is an unsigned integral type.
Example
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// string::find
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("There are two needles in this haystack with needles.");
std::string str2 ("needle");
// different member versions of find in the same order as above:
std::string::size_type found = str.find(str2);
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "first 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find("needles are small",found+1,6);
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "second 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find("haystack");
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "'haystack' also found at: " << found << '\n';
found=str.find('.');
if (found!=std::string::npos)
std::cout << "Period found at: " << found << '\n';
// let's replace the first needle:
str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition");
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
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Notice how parameter pos is used to search for a second instance of the same search string. Output:
first 'needle' found at: 14
second 'needle' found at: 44
'haystack' also found at: 30
Period found at: 51
There are two prepositions in this haystack with needles.
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Complexity
Unspecified, but generally up to linear in length()-pos times the length of the sequence to match (worst case).
Iterator validity
No changes.
Data races
The object is accessed.
Exception safety
If s does not point to an array long enough, it causes undefined behavior.
Otherwise, the function never throws exceptions (no-throw guarantee).