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Console game missues

Pages: 1234
Ch1156 (1999)
Im trying to implement some of the stuff i learned into a program and I am having an issue getting it to work correctly for some reason. I put the issues at the top of the program, everything is in one file for now to make it easier to post questions.

I tried stepping through it with the debugger, and i was able to solve a few issues using it, but i cant seem to figure these two out.

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

/*ISSUES
//
// 1. Map cannot have different size values, x cannot b 10 and y be 15 for example, or else it will crash
// 2. Player leaves a trail when going up for some reason
*/

void DirectionalError();

class Map
{
    public:
        Map
        (
            const std::string& mapName, 
            int mapRows, 
            int mapColumns, 
            char mapTile
        ): 
            mMapName(mapName), 
            mMapRows(mapRows), 
            mMapColumns(mapColumns), 
            mMapTile(mapTile)
        {}

        void InitializeMap()
        {
            for (int row = 0; row < mMapRows; row++)
            {
                std::vector<char> v1;

                for (int col = 0; col < mMapColumns; col++)
                {
                    v1.push_back(mMapTile);
                }

                mGameMap.push_back(v1);
            }
        }

        void DrawMap(int posX, int posY, char player)
        {
            if (posX >= mGameMap.size() || posY >= mGameMap.size())
            {
                std::cout << "Critical error drawing map! Map size is too small, please resize it!\n\n";
            }
            else 
            {
                for (int row = 0; row < mMapRows; ++row)
                {
                    for (int col = 0; col < mMapColumns; ++col)
                    {
                        mGameMap[col][row] = mMapTile;
                        mGameMap[posX][posY] = player;

                        std::cout << mGameMap[row][col];
                    }
                    std::cout << '\n';
                }
            }
        }

    private:
        std::string mMapName{ "Map Name" };
        int mMapRows{ 5 };
        int mMapColumns{ 5 };
        const char mMapTile{ '+' };
        const char mMapTransition{ 'Z' }; //UNUSED: Transition from one map to another whn player touches this
        std::vector<std::vector<char>> mGameMap;
};

//Can promote to a character class when i learn virtual, then inherit from there.
class Player
{
    public:
        Player(char player, int posX, int posY): mPlayer(player), mPosX(posX), mPosY(posY)
        {}

        int GetPositionX() const
        {
            return mPosX;
        }

        int GetPositionY() const
        {
            return mPosY;
        }

        char GetPlayerSprite() const
        {
            return mPlayer;
        }

        int Movement(int choice);

    private:
        const char mPlayer{ 'O' };
        int mPosX{ 0 };
        int mPosY{ 0 };
};

int main()
{
    Player Hero('O', 5, 5);
    Map Courtyard("Courtyard", 20, 20, '-');

    Courtyard.InitializeMap();

    while (true)
    {
        Courtyard.DrawMap(Hero.GetPositionX(), Hero.GetPositionY(), Hero.GetPlayerSprite());

        std::cout << "X: " << Hero.GetPositionX() << " Y: " << Hero.GetPositionY() << "\n\n";

        std::cout << "What do you want to do?\n\n";

        std::cout << "1) Move Up\n";
        std::cout << "2) Move Down\n";
        std::cout << "3) Move Left\n";
        std::cout << "4) Move Right\n";

        int choice{ 0 };
        std::cin >> choice;

        Hero.Movement(choice);
    }
}

//No error Handling Yet.
int Player::Movement(int choice)
{
    enum class Direction {UP = 1, DOWN = 2, LEFT = 3, RIGHT = 4};

    switch (choice)
    {
        case static_cast<int>(Direction::UP):
                return mPosX--;
            break;

        case static_cast<int>(Direction::DOWN):
                return mPosX++;
            break;

        case static_cast<int>(Direction::LEFT):
                return mPosY--;
            break;

        case static_cast<int>(Direction::RIGHT):
                return mPosY++;
            break;

        default:
            std::cout << "Invalid Input\n";
    }
}

void DirectionalError()
{
    std::cout << "Cannot go any further in this direction\n";
}
Last edited on
salem c (3700)
> if (posX >= mGameMap.size() || posY >= mGameMap.size())
1. You should be checking against mapRows and mapColumns. This test assumes the map is square.
2. You also need to check for <0 in each direction, otherwise you step off the grid.

> mGameMap[col][row] = mMapTile;
> mGameMap[posX][posY] = player;
You need some sense of where the player was previously, in order to restore the map with mGameMap[col][row] = mMapTile;

Maybe
mGameMap[oldX][OldY] = mMapTile;
mGameMap[posX][posY] = player;


Be careful about which way round the indices are
rows increase in the Y axis
cols increase in the X axis


This should be in a separate function called drawMap()
> std::cout << mGameMap[row][col];
seeplus (6597)
You're confusing x, y row and col. Row is y and col is x. As a first refactor consider something like:

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void DirectionalError();

class Map {
public:
	Map ( const std::string& mapName, size_t mapRows, size_t mapColumns, char mapTile ) :
		mMapName(mapName), mMapRows(mapRows), mMapColumns(mapColumns), mMapTile(mapTile) {}

	void InitializeMap() {
		mGameMap.assign(mMapRows, std::vector<char>(mMapColumns, mMapTile));
	}

	void DrawMap(size_t posX, size_t posY, char player) {
		for (size_t row {}; row < mMapRows; ++row) {
			for (size_t col {}; col < mMapColumns; ++col) {
				mGameMap[row][col] = mMapTile;
				mGameMap[posY][posX] = player;

				std::cout << mGameMap[row][col];
			}
			std::cout << '\n';
		}
	}

	size_t maxRow() const {
		return mGameMap.size();
	}

	size_t maxCol() const {
		return !mGameMap.empty() ? mGameMap[0].size() : 0;
	}

private:
	const std::string mMapName { "Map Name" };
	size_t mMapRows { 5 };
	size_t mMapColumns { 5 };
	const char mMapTile { '+' };
	const char mMapTransition { 'Z' }; //UNUSED: Transition from one map to another whn player touches this
	std::vector<std::vector<char>> mGameMap;
};

//Can promote to a character class when i learn virtual, then inherit from there.
class Player {
public:
	Player(char player, size_t posX, size_t posY) : mPlayer(player), mPosX(posX), mPosY(posY) {}

	size_t GetPositionX() const {
		return mPosX;
	}

	size_t GetPositionY() const {
		return mPosY;
	}

	char GetPlayerSprite() const {
		return mPlayer;
	}

	void Movement(int choice, Map);

private:
	const char mPlayer { 'O' };
	size_t mPosX { };
	size_t mPosY { };
};

int main() {
	Player Hero('O', 7, 5);
	Map Courtyard("Courtyard", 25, 20, '-');

	Courtyard.InitializeMap();

	while (true) {
		Courtyard.DrawMap(Hero.GetPositionX(), Hero.GetPositionY(), Hero.GetPlayerSprite());

		std::cout << "X: " << Hero.GetPositionX() << " Y: " << Hero.GetPositionY() << "\n\n";

		std::cout << "What do you want to do?\n\n";

		std::cout << "1) Move Up\n";
		std::cout << "2) Move Down\n";
		std::cout << "3) Move Left\n";
		std::cout << "4) Move Right\n";

		int choice { };

		std::cin >> choice;
		Hero.Movement(choice, Courtyard);
	}
}

//No error Handling Yet.
void Player::Movement(int choice, Map map) {
	enum class Direction {
		UP = 1, DOWN = 2, LEFT = 3, RIGHT = 4
	};

	switch (choice) {
		case static_cast<int>(Direction::UP):
			if (mPosY) {
				--mPosY;
				return;
			}
			break;

		case static_cast<int>(Direction::DOWN):
			if (mPosY < map.maxRow() - 1) {
				++mPosY;
				return;
			}
			break;

		case static_cast<int>(Direction::LEFT):
			if (mPosX) {
				--mPosX;
				return;
			}
			break;

		case static_cast<int>(Direction::RIGHT):
			if (mPosX < map.maxCol() - 1) {
				++mPosX;
				return;
			}
			break;

		default:
			std::cout << "Invalid Input\n";
			return;
	}

	DirectionalError();
}

void DirectionalError() {
	std::cout << "Cannot go any further in this direction\n";
}

Last edited on
Ch1156 (1999)
Ok thank you so much, that helped!
Ch1156 (1999)
What if i wanted to add all my maps to a list and then output them with a map transition and when the player touches the transition, the map changes? Ive been sitting here thinking of how to do this and at first i tried to use an std::map, but idk, it didnt seem to work out. maybe a vector? I tried a little test and got the map transitioning working, i just did it in main just to test it out but i deleted it.

I'm just looking for advice on what would be the best way to go about implementing something like that. Im also wondering how to implement the map transition system, should it be part of draw map? or its own function? I was trying some stuff earlier but it just didnt seem right and didnt work.

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//============================================================================
// Name             : Console Game
// Author           : Chay Hawk
// Version          : 0.1.6
// Version Date     : March 25th 2023 @ 2:11 PM
// Date Created     : 
// Lines of Code    : 195
// Description      : 
//============================================================================

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <random>
#include <utility>

void DirectionalError();

class Map
{
public:
	Map(const std::string& mapName, int mapRows, int mapColumns, char mapTile) :
		mMapName(mapName), mMapRows(mapRows), mMapColumns(mapColumns), mMapTile(mapTile) {}

	//Comment this out for now so we dont mess up the working code while testing
	void InitializeMap() 
	{
		mGameMap.assign(mMapRows, std::vector<char>(mMapColumns, mMapTile));
	}

	void DrawMap(int posX, int posY, char player)
	{
		for (int row{}; row < mMapRows; ++row) 
		{
			for (int col{}; col < mMapColumns; ++col)
			{

				mGameMap[row][col] = mMapTile;
				mGameMap[posY][posX] = player;

				std::cout << mGameMap[row][col];
			}
			std::cout << '\n';
		}
	}


	int MaxRows() const
	{
		return mGameMap.size();
	}

	int MaxColumns() const
	{
		return !mGameMap.empty() ? mGameMap[0].size() : 0;
	}

private:
	const std::string mMapName{ "Map Name" };
	int mMapRows{ 5 };
	int mMapColumns{ 5 };
	const char mMapTile{ '+' };
	std::vector<std::vector<char>> mGameMap;
};

//Can promote to a character class when i learn virtual, then inherit from there.
class Player
{
public:
	Player(char player, int posX, int posY) : mPlayer(player), mPosX(posX), mPosY(posY) {}

	int GetPositionX() const
	{
		return mPosX;
	}

	int GetPositionY() const
	{
		return mPosY;
	}

	char GetPlayer() const
	{
		return mPlayer;
	}

	void Movement(int choice, Map);

private:
	const char mPlayer{ 'O' };
	int mPosX{ };
	int mPosY{ };
};

int main()
{
	Player Hero('O', 7, 5);
	Map Courtyard("Courtyard", 10, 20, '-');
	Map Field("Field", 20, 50, '-');

	Courtyard.InitializeMap();
	Field.InitializeMap();

	while (true)
	{
		//Map transition code, need to figure out how to put this in member functions
		if (Hero.GetPositionX() == 7 && Hero.GetPositionY() == 5)
		{
			Field.DrawMap(Hero.GetPositionX(), Hero.GetPositionY(), Hero.GetPlayer());
		}
		else if (Hero.GetPositionX() == 7 && Hero.GetPositionY() == 6)
		{
			Courtyard.DrawMap(Hero.GetPositionX(), Hero.GetPositionY(), Hero.GetPlayer());
		}
		else
		{
			Courtyard.DrawMap(Hero.GetPositionX(), Hero.GetPositionY(), Hero.GetPlayer());
		}

		std::cout << "X: " << Hero.GetPositionX() << " Y: " << Hero.GetPositionY() << "\n\n";

		std::cout << "What do you want to do?\n\n";

		std::cout << "1) Move Up\n";
		std::cout << "2) Move Down\n";
		std::cout << "3) Move Left\n";
		std::cout << "4) Move Right\n";

		int choice{ };

		std::cin >> choice;
		Hero.Movement(choice, Courtyard);
	}
}

void Player::Movement(int choice, Map map)
{
	enum class Direction
	{
		UP = 1, DOWN = 2, LEFT = 3, RIGHT = 4
	};

	switch (choice)
	{
	case static_cast<int>(Direction::UP):
		if (mPosY)
		{
			--mPosY;
			return;
		}
		break;

	case static_cast<int>(Direction::DOWN):
		if (mPosY < map.MaxRows() - 1)
		{
			++mPosY;
			return;
		}
		break;

	case static_cast<int>(Direction::LEFT):
		if (mPosX)
		{
			--mPosX;
			return;
		}
		break;

	case static_cast<int>(Direction::RIGHT):
		if (mPosX < map.MaxColumns() - 1)
		{
			++mPosX;
			return;
		}
		break;

	default:
		std::cout << "Invalid Input\n";
		return;
	}

	DirectionalError();
}

void DirectionalError()
{
	std::cout << "Cannot go any further in this direction\n";
}
Last edited on
seeplus (6597)
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Player Hero('O', 7, 5);
...
if (Hero.GetPositionX() == 7 && Hero.GetPositionY() == 5)


It's good practice to name a const for a value that doesn't change and then use that name in the program. eg (which may have the wrong names!):

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constexpr int fieldX {7};
constexpr int fieldY {5};
constexpr char playSym {'o'};

Player Hero(playSym, fieldX, fieldY);
...
if (Hero.GetPositionX() == fieldX && Hero.GetPositionY() == fieldY)


Then if these change, you only have to change them once in one place. Also it makes reading the code easier if you're not trying to work out what all these numbers mean.

Also note that the if statement on L112 has no effect. Courtyard is drawn in either case.

PS. In .Movement(), Map should be passed by ref to prevent an unnecessary copy. If the param isn't going to be changed, then as a const ref.

Also, why not pass type DIRECTION to .Movement() rather than an int. Yu then only need do a cast once (on the call) - rather than for every case.
Last edited on
seeplus (6597)
With name like DrawMap, it could be assumed that that function just drew the map - and not update it as well! I'd suggest that the update is separated from the display. Why do you want multiple maps? If you want a courtyard and a field can't that be represented using only 1 map?

As a refactor using 1 map, consider:

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>

void DirectionalError();

class Map;

//Can promote to a character class when i learn virtual, then inherit from there.
class Player {
public:
	enum class Direction { UP = 1, DOWN = 2, LEFT = 3, RIGHT = 4 };

	Player(char player, size_t posX, size_t posY) : mPlayer(player), mPosX(posX), mPosY(posY) {}

	size_t GetPositionX() const {
		return mPosX;
	}

	size_t GetPositionY() const {
		return mPosY;
	}

	char GetPlayer() const {
		return mPlayer;
	}

	void Movement(Player::Direction, Map& m);

private:
	const char mPlayer { 'O' };
	size_t mPosX { };
	size_t mPosY { };
};

class Map {
public:
	Map(const std::string& mapName, size_t mapRows, size_t mapColumns, char mapTile) :
		mMapName(mapName), mMapRows(mapRows), mMapColumns(mapColumns), mMapTile(mapTile) {}

	//Comment this out for now so we don't mess up the working code while testing
	void InitializeMap(const Player& p) {
		mGameMap.assign(mMapRows, std::vector<char>(mMapColumns, mMapTile));
		mGameMap[p.GetPositionY()][p.GetPositionX()] = p.GetPlayer();
	}

	void update(size_t oldx, size_t oldy, size_t newx, size_t newy, char player) {
		mGameMap[oldy][oldx] = mMapTile;
		mGameMap[newy][newx] = player;
	}

	void DrawMap() const {
		for (const auto& cl : mGameMap) {
			for (const auto& el : cl)
				std::cout << el;

			std::cout << '\n';
		}
	}

	size_t MaxRows() const {
		return mGameMap.size();
	}

	size_t MaxColumns() const {
		return !mGameMap.empty() ? mGameMap[0].size() : 0;
	}

private:
	const std::string mMapName { "Map Name" };
	size_t mMapRows { 5 };
	size_t mMapColumns { 5 };
	const char mMapTile { '+' };
	std::vector<std::vector<char>> mGameMap;
};

void Player::Movement(Player::Direction choice, Map& map) {
	switch (choice) {
		case Direction::UP:
			if (mPosY) {
				const auto oldy { mPosY-- };

				map.update(mPosX, oldy, mPosX, mPosY, mPlayer);
				return;
			}
			break;

		case Direction::DOWN:
			if (mPosY < map.MaxRows() - 1) {
				const auto oldy { mPosY++ };

				map.update(mPosX, oldy, mPosX, mPosY, mPlayer);
				return;
			}
			break;

		case Direction::LEFT:
			if (mPosX) {
				const auto oldx { mPosX-- };

				map.update(oldx, mPosY, mPosX, mPosY, mPlayer);
				return;
			}
			break;

		case Direction::RIGHT:
			if (mPosX < map.MaxColumns() - 1) {
				const auto oldx { mPosX++ };

				map.update(oldx, mPosY, mPosX, mPosY, mPlayer);
				return;
			}
			break;

		default:
			std::cout << "Invalid Input\n";
			return;
	}

	DirectionalError();
}

void DirectionalError() {
	std::cout << "Cannot go any further in this direction\n";
}

int main() {
	Player Hero('O', 7, 5);
	Map Field("Field", 20, 50, '-');

	//Courtyard.InitializeMap();
	Field.InitializeMap(Hero);

	while (true) {
		Field.DrawMap();

		std::cout << "X: " << Hero.GetPositionX() << " Y: " << Hero.GetPositionY() << "\n\n";
		std::cout << "What do you want to do?\n\n";
		std::cout << "1) Move Up\n";
		std::cout << "2) Move Down\n";
		std::cout << "3) Move Left\n";
		std::cout << "4) Move Right\n";
		std::cout << "Enter choice: ";

		int choice { };

		std::cin >> choice;
		Hero.Movement(static_cast<Player::Direction>(choice), Field);
	}
}

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salem c (3700)
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Map Courtyard("Courtyard", 10, 20, '-');
Map Field("Field", 20, 50, '-');

What's the relationship between courtyard and field?
Neither shape tiles with the other.

Say you're in the middle of the field and go north 10 times to the edge of the field? Where do you go next?

Does the entire north edge of the field map to the middle of the south edge of the courtyard (for example)?

Or do you have to be at a specific spot on the north edge to get to the courtyard?


In an 1980's style adventure/D&D game, it would read something like

$ look
You are in a field, there are exits north and south.
$ N
You are in a courtyard, there are exits north, south, east and west.
$ S
You are back in the field, but it looks different.
$ look
You see something glinting in the sunlight.
$ take
You have a diamond ring!


Or perhaps it's something more rogue-like.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_(video_game)#User_interface
Each room has some XY dimension to it, and you can visit each square. But to get from one location to another requires navigating corridors.

Ch1156 (1999)
thats true, it was just more of a test, i wasnt really thinking about design, but thats a good point. I never played the old dnd games, or any of those text base games before, thats a little before my time haha, but I am aware of those style of games, maybe it would be worth emulating them and playing them to see how they work.

Also do i need to use oldX and oldY to update my position? cant i just use the regular controls in movement?
seeplus (6597)
Have a look at Hunt The Wumpus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt_the_Wumpus
https://www.atariarchives.org/bcc1/showpage.php?page=247

Ah - the hours I spent playing that! I ported it to pretty much every computer I used in the 1970's and 80's in Basic, Pascal, assembler and c.
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seeplus (6597)
Also do i need to use oldX and oldY to update my position? cant i just use the regular controls in movement?


In my refactored code above, I introduced the method .update() - which takes args of oldx, oldy, newx and newy so that the current position (old) is erased from the map and the new one updated to show the player. Hence .DrawMap() now just draws the map and can be const.
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Ch1156 (1999)
Ahh ok, i mean i figured thats what its doing, so if i dont include that in my code the game will not work properly? Im just trying to understand how it works mainly. Without updating the old position with the new, when i change maps, it will not work right? Ill check those games out too, thanks for the links.
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mbozzi (3933)
Have a look at Hunt The Wumpus

SA: https://cplusplus.com/forum/general/280996/
seeplus (6597)
When developing a game, the most important part is the design of the game. What's the objective, how to play, what's the rules, how does the game flow and progress, are there different 'levels', what's the 'environment' in which it's played? Are the starting 'conditions' always the same or do some things change each time? Once you have a design, then try playing the game using pen and paper. That will probably show issues in the game design to be fixed. Only once happy with the game design then move on to designing code structures/classes etc to represent the various elements of the game. Once you have them, then you can finally start coding the game.

I'd suggest you start with a fairly simple game to get experience. IMO there's nothing worse than having a grand plan for a game and then get bogged down in coding detail and coding issues so that you become disillusioned and give up.
Ch1156 (1999)
Well i dont have any specific goals with this project, im just messing around and practicing my programming skills. Ill probable implement enemies that move randomly on the map and all that at some pojnt and you can fight them but i dont think it will go further than that. I would write out a game design document and a technical document if i was going to turn it into something, but i think its fine as just a learning example for now at least. But i dont fully understand the updating player position usign the old y and x instead of solely using the new y and x, thats a little confusing to me.

I actually did make a console based sort of game a few years back:

https://github.com/ChayHawk/Monster-Fight.git

Havent worked on it much since but ive been thinking about getting abck into it, but im more interested in top down games at the moment.

I played that hunt the wumpus online on a c64 emulator here: https://c64online.com/c64-games/hunt-the-wumpus/

A simple but fun game. @mbozzi I dont like how the guy implemented it in his code though, perhaps that would be a good challenge one day, write a version myself or download and "fix" his code.
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seeplus (6597)
I dont like how the guy implemented it in his code though, perhaps that would be a good challenge one day, write a version myself or download and "fix" his code


Yeah - it's based upon pointers - boo - and basically just has one long main() function that plays the game with a couple of structs and some simple utility functions. That's an example of why design first, code last...

PS. if you're interested, there's various C++ versions of Hunt The Wunpus on github. See https://github.com/search?l=C%2B%2B&q=wumpus&type=Repositories
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salem c (3700)
> I would write out a game design document and a technical document if i was going to turn it into something

Waiting until you have a sufficiently "large" program before ever embarking on a design is leaving it too late. Your lack of design skills will kill the project just as effectively as no design at all.

A small program doesn't need that much design (maybe just a few hours). But it will start to calibrate your internal sense of how big a problem looks vs how much design effort you put in vs the size of the resulting code (and how much your code ends up diverging from the design).

So if you do end up reworking a lot of the code, that's a clue that you need to spend more design time the next time around.

Design is part of the process, and it's something that needs practice while you're still practising.
Ch1156 (1999)
I understand, but this program is never intended to be anything other than just an example, the main thing i want is to just get a working map transition going.
Ch1156 (1999)
So if i understand this correctly:

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case Direction::UP:
	if (mPosY) 
	{
		const auto oldY{ mPosY-- };

		mapGenerator.Update(mPosX, oldY, mPosX, mPosY, mPlayer);
		return;
	}
	break;


oldY is set to mPosY-- which is the last position, but the update function can still use it wven though its being initialized in a variable? i didnt know that was possible, thats interesting. I always thought you had to declare it outside the braces first before use.

Yeah - it's based upon pointers - boo - and basically just has one long main() function that plays the game with a couple of structs and some simple utility functions. That's an example of why design first, code last...


Yea thats pretty bad, I'll take a look at those other examples on there and see if theres any better made ones.
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Peter87 (11238)
This line:
 
 
const auto oldY{ mPosY-- };
has the same meaning as:
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const auto oldY{ mPosY };
mPosY--;
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