Is the error the only thing that the compiler says?
Another compiler warns about your friend too:
14:67: warning: friend declaration 'std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const linkedListType<Type>&)' declares a non-template function [-Wnon-template-friend]
14:67: note: (if this is not what you intended, make sure the function template has already been declared and add <> after the function name here)
In member function 'void linkedListType<Type>::insertFirst(const Type&)':
125:22: warning: suggest braces around empty body in an 'if' statement [-Wempty-body]
In instantiation of 'void linkedListType<Type>::copyList(const linkedListType<Type>&) [with Type = int]':
316:26: required from 'const linkedListType<Type>& linkedListType<Type>::operator=(const linkedListType<Type>&) [with Type = int]'
333:10: required from here
272:9: warning: statement has no effect [-Wunused-value]
/tmp/ccREhTuH.o: In function `main':
:(.text.startup+0xd2): undefined reference to `operator<<(std::ostream&, linkedListType<int> const&)'
:(.text.startup+0x195): undefined reference to `operator<<(std::ostream&, linkedListType<int> const&)'
:(.text.startup+0x24a): undefined reference to `operator<<(std::ostream&, linkedListType<int> const&)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The problem is that the compiler does not consider the declaration on line 14 and the definition on line 72 related. If you want a friend function within a templated class you need to define that friend function entirely within the templated class.
Line 332,334,339: You're trying to invoke a private operator from a non-member.
Line 34: Your comment indicates the following 3 lines are protected, but you don't declare them protected.
Line 125: What's the point of this line? It does nothing.
Lines 167-173: I strongly recommend braces around these lines to indicate the scope of your while statement along with proper indentation to clearly indicate your intent.
Line 272: This line does nothing. Pretty sure you meant an assignment here, not a comparison.