const here means that the function will not modify any of the member variables. When you have a const object (or a pointer/reference to const) you can only call member functions that are marked with const.
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const std::string str = "Hello";
std::cout << str.length() << std::endl;
// OK, std::string::length() is const
str.resize(2);
// ERROR, std::string::resize() is not const