Don't see why not. If you include windows.h you'll be able to call any Windows specific functions. However, you'll need to link with the appropriate libraries, for example, gdi, comdlg, commctl, etc. When you use an IDE and specify the project type, i.e., console or graphics, the IDE sets up the linkages. If you do what you described, you'll have to do it manually.
I know I've done this in PowerBASIC. Sometimes I forget which programming language I'm using at the moment. Many times in graphics ewnvironments I open a console screen for debug output.