It depends a lot on what kind of games you are making.
Vector math can be very useful, especially if your game is in 3D.
I think it can be good to know something about probability theory. It's not only relevant for games that use randomness, but also for having a better understanding what the chances are for different scenarios to happen. It could be useful when trying to balance the game.
There are many areas that is not pure math but uses a lot of mathematics. For many games it can be good to know about physics. Different games uses different physics. Note that using true physics in games is not always the most fun, or the most practical way of doing it. Mario is one good example of this because he can change direction in air. Imagine if it wasn't possible to change the trajectory after you hit the jump button. It would certainly make the game much harder, and probably less fun to play.