Standard C++ doesn't know about graphics. You have to use a library. SFML is one. SDL is another. If you are using windows you can use the WinAPI. If you want console graphics you can use something like ncurses.
Assuming you're using Win32, you need to learn the Win32 graphics API if you want to do it yourself. Most people use a graphics library so they don't have to bother with the low-level messing about, but there's no harm in learning it.