> The choice of compiler for a beginner is almost completely irrelevant, so long as it's recent.
Standard conformance is one important issue, and a recent offering would be clearly better in that respect.
A compiler that gives clear and expressive diagnostic messages (that are easy for beginners to understand) would greatly aid the learning process.
AFAIK, clang with its libc++ is ahead of the rest of the pack on both counts. Though the latest offerings from both GNU and Microsoft would provide reasonable alternatives.