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I found the second link to be the most help.
You have a start for three different functions. As long as the returned value is either "true" or "false" it will work. What is in the () is a bit lacking for a function. It is OK for a prototype though.
Now all you need is something between the opening { and the return statement.
The question is are you just checking what type of number it is or do you mean to return a converted number?
The easy way to do this is with strings.
you can drop an integer into a string in various formats, including hex. That gives you the hex answer straight up.
hex is one to one with binary, based off nibbles.
that is
0x1F
1 is a nibble, and F is a nibble.
1 is 0001 and f is 1111 so the full byte is
00011111
and that scales for any size of integer.
you can use a lookup table of strings for the nibbles so your conversion might look like
resultstring += binarytable[mynumberasstring[i]];
where it peels off a hex digit from the string, looks up the binary for it, and builds the answer.
There are other ways to do it (dozens) but this one is easy to code.