I am considering taking my first forays into linux and using the terminal to write code rather than using an IDE.
From a fresh installation of debian 8 what things would I need to install in order to write and compile code? I am also curious if any additional steps need to be taken in order to access the Standard Template Library, as many of the things I plan to code would be made easier by accessing it.
What the Linux crowd fondly believes is C++ is not standard C++. Unlike what every tutorial suggests, compile your C++ programs with the options -std=c++0x -pedantic-errors -Wall -Wextra
For instance: g++ -std=c++0x -pedantic-errors -Wall -Wextra myprogram.cpp
After you get a little more familiar with the environment, you can install a more recent version of the GNU compiler and/or install the LLVM compiler and library, and change the option from -std=c++0x to -std=c++14
I am also curious if any additional steps need to be taken in order to access the Standard Template Library, as many of the things I plan to code would be made easier by accessing it.
As long as a compiler like g++ or clang++ is installed, you shouldn't need anything else. All you have to do is #include the relevant header files in your code.