A flag variable is a variable that can hold
1. any one of a mutually exclusive set of constant values eg. either true or false or
2. any combination of of values from a set of constant values.
In std::basic_ostream<>::seekp( off_type off, std::ios_base::seekdir dir ), dir is a flag variable:
it can be one of std::ios_base::beg, std::ios_base::cur, std::ios_base::end http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream/seekp