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a *= 2 ;
is equivalent to a = a * 2 ;
a += 7 ;
is equivalent to a = a + 7 ;
a -= b ;
is equivalent to a = a - b ;
a *= 2 ;
, a is evaluated only one; in a = a * 2 ;
, a is evaluated twice. (You can safely ignore this nicety for the present; it will become clear once you become familiar with the concept of an expression in C++.)