They are different types. In some cases they are completely different types. I suggest you to read your book. It should tell you about pointers, characters, integers and more. Also you can look int C++ tutorials on this site: http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
or another: http://www.learncpp.com/
Also: do not just read. Solve problems book present you, try to come up with ideas how you can use freshly learned stuff. Remember, in programming theory is nothing without practice. You should program. A lot. Do not think you will learn everything (or something at all) just by reading books.
A sequence of characters. 'a' is a character; '1' is also a character.
> can they store numbers
They can store a sequence of characters some or all of which are which are literal digits.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
std::string str = "1234" ; // sequence of characters '1', '2' '3', '4'
int n = 1234 ; // number (integer with a value of 1234)
str += "25" // append the characters '2' and '5'; becomes '1', '2' '3', '4', '2' '5'
n += 25 ; // add the number 25; becomes 1259