The code is processed in editor by programmer that has to maintain the code.
The code is processed by program called "preprocessor".
The code is processed by program called "compiler".
The object code is processed by program called "linker".
The executable binary is run.
You don't do any of that without CPU, but some steps are much more costly than the others. You can do trade-offs, but are they really profitable?
Your instructor claims that macros are better.
Some instructors claim that macros are evil.