What Bazzy wants to express is, that there are lots of different Text editing tools. If you want to get an overview just start your package managing utility. If you are using KDE it would be Aptitude by default. If you are using Gnome it should be Synaptic.
There you could do a search for "text editor". I prefer to edit my documents on the command line with emacs or jed. There would although be vi, but i hate it. Just use the package manager to install some try them for a while and if you don't like them uninstall them. You could do the same with the different IDEs, install them to take a look and remove the ones you don't like. With the package managing system finding, downloading, installing and removing software is fast and easy.
If you're using GNOME on Ubuntu, you'll probably use gedit. I personally love gedit; it has just enough features to be really useful but doesn't have "too many" features (this is actually possible; when a program has features that it doesn't need or it has so many features that it's impossible for them all to be implemented properly or well (like my mobile phone)). If you're using KDE, you'll probably use Kate.
Saying that, there are lots of different editors, and you can use Kate on GNOME or gedit on KDE if you have both GNOME and KDE installed. Then there are console editors, like emacs, joe, vi[m] or GNU nano (I use nano on the command-line; it's very easy to use and I like the way it handles lines longer than 80 characters). You could even use ed if you felt particularly brave.
Another text editor I like is called jEdit; it supports a lot of languages and it's by far the most customisable editor I've used to date. I don't use it very often because I love gedit so much, but it is a good editor.
I think Notepad++ also deserves a mention since it's very popular and also very customisable (although, not to nearly the same extent as jEdit) and has support for many languages. Personally, I think the GUI is very clumsy, but since the Windows port of gedit is pretty awful, I use Notepad++.
Heh. I've tried VI a few times, but could never get the hang of it. LOL. But I can see how VI would be a very fast, efficient and powerful editor for someone who can get the hang of it.
As for if someone isn't using apt or debian packages, the OP said he was using Ubuntu, which uses apt/debian, so IMHO, Drol was right to mention those particular commands.
But in the interest of fairness, it's easy to convert those command to Fedora/Redhat. Just replace apt-get with yum. lol.
When I first started on Linux I found the overwhelming amount of command-line interfacing to be a bit daunting (coming from the GUI world of Windows). A friend introduced me to scite, which was a very nice transition for me. I still prefer it to this day as my default text editor.
If you are ok writing your own makefiles, geany is a very simple and powerful editor. Ive used it for many years with PHP and now starting to use it with C++, and I love it!