AFAIK /proc isn't required by POSIX though; so that might not work on all UNIXes. Also, not all UNIXes store the same information there... And at any rate, that doesn't sound like something that would be stored in /proc.
Is this for all processes on the CPU or do you just want to measure utilization within a specific program? That is, are you looking for something like the load average you get out of uptime(1), or the CPU utilization from time(1) command?