Programming for Linux is almost exactly the same as programming in any other OS, don't panic and have some fun with it.
The biggest difference is the plethora of free libraries out there, and often more of a focus on cross-platform coding. You might also find Bash to be more powerful than any IDE once you set up your tools as you like them, but most of the IDE's you are used to are also available on Linux (some written originally for Linux so the tools work better).
I suggest you check out the free books under C++ section on this github page. (I'm pretty sure this guy only includes books that are offered under a free-use license.)
https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md#c-1
If you decide on Qt programming;
The GUI Qt3 book there is a little too old since they are on QT5 now, Any books you find Qt4 and up should be mostly compatible with Qt5 coding practice, I think Qt5 mostly just added more objects on top of Qt4.
The Open-Source License Issue;
One thing that might put you off from Linux programming is the scare that everything you make has to be open-source, otherwise you risk getting sued. This is way over the top. Everything that you make yourself is yours. Just be careful of the libraries that you include because some of the Licenses may include your code in their scope.
You'll want to read the GPL and LGPL licenses since they are the most prevalent in Linux, I tend to avoid libraries that use plain GPL because it's the most firm and restrictive of the two (it's the one that wraps your code into it's snare). LGPL is pretty easy to conform to, and may even allow you to keep closed-source (and sell your program) if you don't modify the original library code and you should link dynamically to the libraries (so the user can choose not to use the library that is under LGPL).
Even better, there are a lot of other licenses out there like the zlib or the bsd licenses which generally protect you the coder from being sued if your code doesn't work as expected, but make no requirement as to your having to share your code if you use their libraries.
I must apologize for the off-topic portions, but these are things you should study further into before you just pick and chose certain libraries that are out there especially since GPL is not just lurking on Linux, but it is in a lot of libraries that you might use without thinking about it on MS, Mac, and smartphones as well.
3 Key Ideas;
Linux does not equal GPL.
1 minute spent googling a library before #include will be enough to tell you what license it is under, GPL does not hide itself.
You can sell your code even under GPL - (
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html#DoesTheGPLAllowMoney )