Visual Studio 2008 works fine on XP. However, it seems that Microsoft is no longer offering VS2008 for download.
Why do you need to develop on an XP machine? Even Visual Studio 2015 has XP-specific target platforms that you can build for XP with, just get a Windows 7 or Windows 10 machine and develop for XP that way.
Visual Studio 2010 also runs fine on Windows XP SP3, but it's no longer provided by Microsoft either (unless it's available to MSDN subscribers?)
As well as Visual Studio 2008 and 2010, I'm running MinGW's 32-bit version of GCC tools (1.4.8) on my Windows XP machine (used either with CodeLite or Code::Blocks)
Andy
PS I also own Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 (soon to be Windows 10) PCs, and a dead Windows Vista one, too.