Reading Text File without spaces

I have problem regarding reading string without spaces.
For example:

the input text file is this.
int a;
a = 1+2;

the output should be like this.
integer int
identifier a
terminator ;
identifier a
operator =
number 1
mathematical operator +
number 2
terminator ;

but my output is this
integer int
identifier a;
identifier =
number 1+2;


I can't between different characters without spaces. I have to put spaces between in order to have a correct output. Pls do help me with this. :)
closed account (zwA4jE8b)
if you want to tokenize an input file then you will need to use an FSM (finite state machine)
i have included the code for a class assignment i did. Hope it helps!

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#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

enum statetype {newtkn, resvd, var, intr, real, del1, laststate};
enum chartype {letter, digit, period, del2, blank, pod, eoln, illegal, lastchar};

void readreserve(vector<string>&);
void writereserve(vector<string>&, ofstream&);
void readstate(vector<vector<statetype>>&);
void writestate(vector<vector<statetype>>&, ofstream&);
void readaction(vector<vector<int>>&);
void writeaction(vector<vector<int>>&, ofstream&);
void writeexp(ofstream&);
string enumtostring(statetype);
statetype strtoenum(string);
chartype charreturn(char);
void compresvd(vector<string>&, string, statetype&);
void takeaction(int, string&, char,  statetype&, vector<string>&, ofstream&);
void tokenizer(vector<string>&, vector<vector<statetype>>&, vector<vector<int>>&, ofstream&);

int main()
{
	ofstream _outf("output.dat");
	vector<string> _resvdV;
	vector<vector<int>> _actionV(laststate, vector<int>(lastchar));
	vector<vector<statetype>> _FSM(laststate, vector<statetype>(lastchar));
	
		readreserve(_resvdV);
		writereserve(_resvdV, _outf);
		readstate(_FSM);
		writestate(_FSM, _outf);
		readaction(_actionV);
		writeaction(_actionV, _outf);
		writeexp(_outf);
		
		tokenizer(_resvdV, _FSM, _actionV, _outf);

	_outf.close();
	return 0;
}

void readreserve(vector<string>& _r)
{
	ifstream _inf("reserve.dat");
	string _temp;
	while (!_inf.eof())
	{
		_inf >> _temp;
		_r.push_back(_temp);
	}
	_inf.close();
}

void writereserve(vector<string>& _r, ofstream& _outf)
{
	vector<string>::iterator iter;
	_outf << "Reserved words:" <<
			 "\n---------------" << endl;

	for (iter = _r.begin(); iter != _r.end(); ++iter)
	{
		_outf << *iter <<  "  ";
	}
	_outf << endl << endl;
}

void readstate(vector<vector<statetype>>& _s)
{
	ifstream _inf("statetable.dat");
	string _temp;
	for (int i = newtkn; i < laststate; i++)
		for (int j = letter; j < lastchar; j++)
		{
			_inf >> _temp;
			_s[i][j] = strtoenum(_temp);
		}
	_inf.close();
}

void writestate(vector<vector<statetype>>& _s, ofstream& _outf)
{
	_outf << right << setw(58) << "State Table\n" <<
			 setw(58) <<"-----------\n";
	_outf << left << setw(12) << " " << setw(12) << "Letter" << setw(12) << "Digit" <<
			 setw(12) << "Period" << setw(12) << "Delimiter" << setw(12) << "Blank" <<
			 setw(12) << "% or $" << setw(12) << "EOLN" << setw(12) << "Illegal" << endl;
	_outf << left << setfill('-') << setw(108) << "-" << setfill(' ') << endl;
	for (int i = newtkn; i < laststate; i++)
	{
		_outf << setw(10) << enumtostring((statetype)i) << "| ";
		for (int j = letter; j < lastchar; j++)
			_outf << setw(12) << enumtostring(_s[i][j]);
		_outf << endl;
	}
	_outf << endl;
}

void readaction(vector<vector<int>>& _a)
{
	ifstream _inf("actiontable.dat");
	for (int i = newtkn; i < laststate; i++)
		for (int j = letter; j < lastchar; j++)
			_inf >> _a[i][j];
	_inf.close();
}

void writeaction(vector<vector<int>>& _a, ofstream& _outf)
{	
	_outf << right << setw(59) << "Action Table\n" <<
			 setw(59) << "------------\n";
	_outf << left << setw(12) << " " << setw(12) << "Letter" << setw(12) << "Digit" <<
			 setw(12) << "Period" << setw(12) << "Delimiter" << setw(12) << "Blank" <<
			 setw(12) << "% or $" << setw(12) << "EOLN" << setw(12) << "Illegal" << endl;
	_outf << left << setfill('-') << setw(108) << "-" << setfill(' ') << endl;
	for (int i = newtkn; i < laststate; i++)
	{
		_outf << setw(10) << enumtostring((statetype)i) << "| ";
		for (int j = letter; j < lastchar; j++)
			_outf << setw(12) << _a[i][j];
		_outf << endl;
	}
	_outf << endl;
}

void writeexp(ofstream& _outf)
{
	ifstream _inf("explanationofaction.dat");
	string _temp;
	_outf << "Explanation of Action Table entries: " <<
			 "\n------------------------------------" << endl;
	while (!_inf.eof())
	{
		getline(_inf, _temp);
		_outf << _temp << endl;
	}
	_outf << endl;
	_inf.close();
}

string enumtostring(statetype _s)
{
	string _temp;
	if(_s == newtkn)
		return "newtoken";
	else if(_s == resvd)
		return "reserved";
	else if(_s == var)
		return "variable";
	else if(_s == intr)
		return "integer";
	else if(_s == real)
		return "real";
	else if(_s == del1)
		return "delimeter";
	else
		return "laststate";
}

statetype strtoenum(string _s)
{
	if (_s == "newtkn")
		return newtkn;
	else if (_s == "resvd")
		return resvd;
	else if (_s == "var")
		return var;
	else if (_s == "intr")
		return intr;
	else if (_s == "real")
		return real;
	else if (_s == "del1")
		return del1;
	else
		return laststate;
}

chartype charreturn(char _ch)
{
	if ((_ch >= 'A' && _ch <= 'Z') || (_ch >= 'a' && _ch <= 'z'))
		return letter;
	else if (_ch >= '0' && _ch <= '9')
		return digit;
	else if(_ch == '+'|| _ch == '-' || _ch == '/' || _ch == '*' ||
			_ch == '^' || _ch == '=' || _ch == '<' || _ch == '>' ||
			_ch == ',' || _ch == '\"' || _ch == '(' || _ch == ')')
		return del2;
	else if (_ch == ' ')
		return blank;
	else if (_ch == '%' || _ch == '$')
		return pod;
	else if (_ch == '\n')
		return eoln;
	else if (_ch == '.')
		return period;
	else
		return illegal;
}

void compresvd(vector<string>& _resvdV, string _token, statetype& _st)
{
	vector<string>::iterator iter;
	for (iter = _resvdV.begin(); iter != _resvdV.end(); ++iter)
	{
		if (_token == *iter)
		{
			_st = resvd;
			break;
		}
		else
			_st = var;
	}
}

void takeaction(int _act, string& _token, char _ch,  statetype& _st, vector<string>& _resvdV, ofstream& _outf)
{
	switch(_act)
	{
	case 1:
		_token += _ch;
		break;
	case 2:
		compresvd(_resvdV, _token, _st);
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	case 3:
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	case 4:
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl <<
				 setw(8) << _ch << "Improper usage " << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	case 5:
		_outf << setw(8) << _ch << "Improper usage " << endl;
		break;
	case 6:
		break;
	case 7:
		_outf << setw(8) << _ch << "Illegal character " << endl;
		break;
	case 8:
		compresvd(_resvdV, _token, _st);
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = _ch;
		break;
	case 9:
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = _ch;
		break;
	case 10:
		_token += _ch;
		_st = var;
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	case 11:
		compresvd(_resvdV, _token, _st);
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) <<
				 setw(8) << _ch << "Illegal character " << endl;
		break;
	case 12:
		_token += _ch;
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	case 13:
		_outf << setw(8) << _token << setw(12) << enumtostring(_st) <<
				 setw(8) << _ch << "Illegal character " << endl;
		_token = "";
		break;
	}
}

void tokenizer(vector<string>& _resvdV, vector<vector<statetype>>& _FSM, vector<vector<int>>& _actionV, ofstream& _outf)
{
	ifstream _inf("prog1.bas");
	char _ch;
	int _act;
	chartype _ct;
	string _token = "";
	statetype _st = newtkn;

	_outf << left << setw(8) << "Token:" << setw(12) << "Token type:" << endl;

	while (!_inf.eof())
	{
		_inf.get(_ch);
		_ct = charreturn(_ch);
		_act = _actionV[_st][_ct];
		takeaction(_act, _token, _ch, _st, _resvdV, _outf);
		_st = _FSM[_st][_ct];
	}
	_inf.close();
}
Thank you so much!
Btw, what is the real function of FSM?
Im sorry, newbie here. :)
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