If the End-of-File is reached before n characters have been read, the array will contain all the elements read until it, and the failbit and eofbit will be set (which can be checked with members fail and eof respectively).
¿How are you reading the file?
@LB: dunno how the filesystem establish that you reached the end, but I don't think that it uses a special character. If that was the case, ¿how will you distinguish between EOF and data?