stacks and function calls in C++

[Kourosh23]

I just learned about stacks, call stack(function calls), and main memory execution.

Function calls and variable declarations go on top of each other in stack.

Ex.

I a() I
I b() I
I___ I

so b() is pushed first, and then a().

*** Question: ***

When it comes to the execution process, does the main memory starts from bottom to top or top to bottom ?

[mbozzi]

When it comes to the execution process, does the main memory starts from bottom to top or top to bottom?

On x86, the stack grows downwards. In other words, pushing a variable value on the stack decrements the stack pointer.