It can't be done like this. I don't believe there are any browsers that will accept strings over the command line and use them for login over HTTPS.
If it's to interact with an existing browser, a solution would have to consist of two parts:
1. A browser extension for a browser opens an IPC channel and listens for connections from other local processes. When it receives a connection and data, it uses this data to contact the website and start the login process, whatever this may entail.
2. A separate program accepts user input, connects to the IPC channel, and sends the data over the channel.
I think it would probably be simpler to just do everything in the browser extension, although it may not be useful, depending on the specific problem you're trying to solve.