Please forgive the crude ASCII art, but here's what is being asked:
a
. ' o
. / .
. / .
. / .
/
. / Θ .
o-------------o b
' c '
' '
' '
' '
' . '
What is the distance between points a and b, given Θ (and r, presumably)?
A lot of math problems include information that is more-or-less a distraction. Stuff about the circle is a distraction. You are being asked to find the odd side of an isoceles triangle. More ASCII art:
c
o
/ \
/ \
/ \
r / \ r
/ \
/ \
/ \
o---------------o a
b