You cannot. The meaning of private is no one aside from original class and its friends can use private parts. If you want to make them usable in derived classes you need to make them at least protected. Usually you should not have the need to directly manipulate data of base class in derived.
...
protected:
int getK();
void setK(int newK);
...
If the data member of a base class is private and there are no accessor functions that are protected or public, only the base class has access to the data member.