That for statement is using the ranged based for statement which uses the begin/end of the variable.
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/begin/
It returns a "value_type" which you can see here is just a pair<> of the key_type and mapped_type: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/#types
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first and second are the items in the map.
so in the example.. { "alpha", 0 }
first=="alpha" second==0