For your (apparent) purposes, can I assume a double must have a fractional part? Meaning:
100 - int
100.0 - double
If so, then you need to find all instances of '.' surrounded by only digits.
There are several ways. The simplest might be to use a std::stringstream to break the string into whitespace delineated tokens.
For each token, check that it contains only one '.' and that the remaining characters are digits. If so, it is a double (and you can convert it to one). Otherwise it is safe to ignore.