You need two for loops. The first is i, going from 0 to <n, that contains a) a for loop from 0 to <=2*i in which you print a * symbol, and b) print a new line.
Say n=3.
i=0, j=0 will print a star, then the endline
i=1, j=0,1,2 will print 3 stars
i=2, j=0,1,2,3,4 will print 5 stars
for(int x=0; x<n ; x++) // loop for vertical lines or line number
{
for( int y=0 ; y <= x ; y++) // prints number of * equal to line
{
cout<< "*";
}
cout<<"**"; // prints the additional 2 * per line
cout<<'\n';
}