Integer V lies strictly between integers U and W if U < V < W or if U > V > W. A non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers is given. A pair of indices (P, Q) where 0 ≤ P < Q < N is said to have adjacent values if no value in the array lies strictly between values A[P] and A[Q]. For example, in array A such that A[0] = 0 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 3 A[3] = 7 A[4] = 5 A[5] = 3 A[6] = 11 A[7] = 1 the following pairs of indices have adjacent values: (0, 7), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 7), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 7), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 7).
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