Need help with snake game

I've never program an actual game so I while back I made it my goal to do so. I decided on a snake game program and started the actual program itself today. I have it almost perfected but there's one major problem:
I have absolutely no idea how to add to the snake when it eats a fruit or how to make it all move together after it's been added to.

The code for the program is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>

#define snake_max_length 5
#define left 0
#define up 1
#define right 2
#define down 3

using namespace std;

void movement();
void food();
void highscore();
void keypress(void*);
void drawscreen();
int gameover();
void snakeplus();

int Hscore = 0;
char board[79][20];
int direction = 0; //0-left 1-up 2-right 3-down
int fruit = 0;
int score = 0;
int snakeparts = 2;

int foodx;
int foody;

int headX = 39;
int headY = 10;
int TailX = 40;
int TailY = 10;

int main()
{
    system("TITLE Snake Game - by Niven");
    system("COLOR 0F");

    _beginthread( keypress, 0, (void*)0 );

    highscore();

    int x,y;

    cout<<"Score: "<<score<<"                                   Highscore: "<<Hscore; //Don't forget this in the drawscreen function

    for (x = 0;x<79;x++)
    { //sets values to the board array
        for (y = 0;y<20;y++)
        {
            if (x == 0 || x == 78 || y == 0 || y == 19)
            { //creates the boarder
                board[x][y] = 254;
            }
            else
            { //empties the space in the boarder
            board[x][y] = ' ';
            }
        }
    }

    //adds the snake to the board
    board[headX][headY] = 'X';
    board[TailX][TailY] = '+';

    food();

    //draws the initial screen
    for (y = 0;y<20;y++)
    {
        cout<<"\n";
        for (x = 0;x<79;x++)
        {
            cout<<board[x][y];
        }
    }

    movement();

    return 0;
}

void food()
{

    if (fruit == 0)
    {
        srand(time(NULL));
        foodx = rand()%77;
        while (foodx == 0 )
        {
            foodx = rand()%77;
        }
        foody = rand()%18;
        while (foody == 0 )
        {
            foody = rand()%18;
        }

        board[foodx][foody] = 'o';

    }
}

void keypress(void* args)
{
    while (1)
    {
    if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x1B ) == true) //escape
    {
    exit(0);
    }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x25 ) == true) //left
        {
            direction = left;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x26 ) == true) //up
        {
            direction = up;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x27 ) == true) //right
        {
            direction = right;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x28 ) == true) //down
        {
            direction = down;
        }
    Sleep(1000);
    }
}

void highscore()
{
    ifstream hscore ("High-score.txt");

    hscore>>Hscore;
}

void drawscreen()
{
    int snake = 0;

    if (headX == foodx and headY == foody)
    {
        score += 5;
        if (score > Hscore)
    {
        ofstream hs ("High-score.txt");
        hs<<score;
        Hscore = score;
    }
        fruit = 0;

        snake = 1;
    }

    system("CLS");

    board[headX][headY] = 'X';
    board[TailX][TailY] = '+';

    cout<<"Score: "<<score<<"                                   Highscore: "<<Hscore;
    for (int y = 0;y<20;y++)
    {
        cout<<"\n";
        for (int x = 0;x<79;x++)
        {
            cout<<board[x][y];
        }
    }
    if (snake == 1)
    {
        snakeplus();
    }
}

void movement()
{ //may need to redo the way it moves a little
    while (1)
    {
    switch(direction)
    {
        case left: //left
        if (headX - 1 == 0 or board[headX - 1][headY] == '+')
            { //if it's gonna hit the boarder or part of the snake
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {

                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headX -= 1;
                drawscreen();

            }
        break;

        case up: //up
        if (headY - 1 == 0 or board[headX][headY - 1] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headY -= 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        case right: //right
        if (headX + 1 == 78 or board[headX + 1][headY] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headX += 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        case down: //down
        if (headY + 1 == 19 or board[headX][headY + 1] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headY += 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        default:
        // direction = left; //don't use until the direction = 5 problem is worked out
        break;


    }
    Sleep(75);
    }
}

int gameover()
{
    if (score > Hscore)
    {
        ofstream hs ("High-score.txt");
        hs<<score;
    }

    system("CLS");

    cout<<"Good job, you got "<<score<<" points";
    cin.get();
    exit(0);
}

void snakeplus()
{
    if (snakeparts >= snake_max_length)
    {
        movement();
    }
    snakeparts++;
        switch (direction)
        {
            case left:
            board[TailX + 1][TailY] = '+';
            direction = 5; //keep until you find a way to add to the snake and make it move
            break;

            case up:
            board[TailX][TailY + 1] = '+';
            direction = 5;
            break;

            case right:
            board[TailX - 1][TailY] = '+';
            direction = 5;
            break;

            case down:
            board[TailX][TailY - 1] = '+';
            direction = 5;
            break;
        }
    drawscreen(); //don't use after the direction = 5 problem is solved
    food();
}

I know that the coding is messy and could be better but I'm still a beginner and don't understand any of the more complicated functions. I was hoping to be able to do this using just basics without having to learn anything too advance by using some creative programming, but I'm seeing that that may not be the case. Also, with help, I'd prefer it if you didn't just give me a modified code and say this will work. I don't want a working version of the program but someone to tell me what I could do to make it work and me, myself, have to figure out how to make that into code. Remember though, I'm still a beginner.

*Note
The code is still incomplete in more ways than just the problem mentioned, so some things may seem useless, unneeded, strange,etc.

Last edited on

Niven (114)

I went ahead and redid the way it moves a little and it works perfectly except for one major bugs:
when the tail is added two one of the +'s isn't deleted when turning since it only stores location of the last + when deleting them

the new code is:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>

#define snake_max_length 10
#define left 0
#define up 1
#define right 2
#define down 3

using namespace std;

void movement();
void food();
void highscore();
void keypress(void*);
void drawscreen();
int gameover();
void snakeplus();

int Hscore = 0;
char board[79][20];
int direction = 0; //0-left 1-up 2-right 3-down
int fruit = 0;
int score = 0;
int snakeparts = 2;

int taileraseX = 40,taileraseY = 10; //these are used to determine where the tailed ended last move so it can be changed to a ' '
                                    //defined up here so they aren't always 1.

int foodx;
int foody;

int headX = 39;
int headY = 10;
int TailX = 40;
int TailY = 10;

int main()
{
    system("TITLE Snake Game - by Niven");
    system("COLOR 0F");

    _beginthread( keypress, 0, (void*)0 );

    highscore();

    int x,y;

    cout<<"Score: "<<score<<"                                   Highscore: "<<Hscore; //Don't forget this in the drawscreen function

    for (x = 0;x<79;x++)
    { //sets values to the board array
        for (y = 0;y<20;y++)
        {
            if (x == 0 || x == 78 || y == 0 || y == 19)
            { //creates the boarder
                board[x][y] = 254;
            }
            else
            { //empties the space in the boarder
            board[x][y] = ' ';
            }
        }
    }

    //adds the snake to the board
    board[headX][headY] = 'X';
    board[TailX][TailY] = '+';

    food();

    //draws the initial screen
    for (y = 0;y<20;y++)
    {
        cout<<"\n";
        for (x = 0;x<79;x++)
        {
            cout<<board[x][y];
        }
    }

    movement();

    return 0;
}

void food()
{

    if (fruit == 0)
    {
        srand(time(NULL));
        foodx = rand()%77;
        while (foodx == 0 )
        {
            foodx = rand()%77;
        }
        foody = rand()%18;
        while (foody == 0 )
        {
            foody = rand()%18;
        }

        board[foodx][foody] = 'o';

    }
}

void keypress(void* args)
{
    while (1)
    {
    if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x1B ) == true) //escape
    {
    exit(0);
    }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x25 ) == true) //left
        {
            direction = left;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x26 ) == true) //up
        {
            direction = up;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x27 ) == true) //right
        {
            direction = right;
        }
        if (GetAsyncKeyState( 0x28 ) == true) //down
        {
            direction = down;
        }
    Sleep(1000);
    }
}

void highscore()
{
    ifstream hscore ("High-score.txt");

    hscore>>Hscore;
}

void drawscreen()
{
    int snake = 0;
    // int x,y;

    if (headX == foodx and headY == foody)
    {
        score += 5;
        if (score > Hscore)
    {
        ofstream hs ("High-score.txt");
        hs<<score;
        Hscore = score;
    }
        fruit = 0;

        snake = 1;
    }

    system("CLS");

    //plot snake location
    board[headX][headY] = 'X';
    // board[TailX][TailY] = '+';
    board[taileraseX][taileraseY] = ' ';
    for (int x = 1;x<snakeparts;x++)
    {
        switch(direction)
        {
            case left:
            board[headX + x][headY] = '+';

            taileraseX = headX + x;
            taileraseY = headY;
            break;

            case up:
            board[headX][headY + x] = '+';

            taileraseX = headX;
            taileraseY = headY + x;
            break;

            case right:
            board[headX - x][headY] = '+';

            taileraseX = headX - x;
            taileraseY = headY;
            break;

            case down:
            board[headX][headY - x] = '+';

            taileraseX = headX;
            taileraseY = headY - x;
            break;

        }
    }

    /* for (x = 0;x<79;x++)
    { //checks for tail hitting boarder
        for (y = 0;y<20;y++)
        {
            if ( (x == 0 || x == 78 || y == 0 || y == 19) && (board[x][y] == ' ' || board[x][y] == '+'))
            {
                gameover();
            }
        }
    } */ //not sure if it should be implemented or not

    cout<<"Score: "<<score<<"                                   Highscore: "<<Hscore;
    for (int y = 0;y<20;y++)
    {
        cout<<"\n";
        for (int x = 0;x<79;x++)
        {
            cout<<board[x][y];
        }
    }
    if (snake == 1)
    {
        snakeplus();
    }
}

void movement()
{
    while (1)
    {
    switch(direction)
    {
        case left: //left
        if (headX - 1 == 0 or board[headX - 1][headY] == '+')
            { //if it's gonna hit the boarder or part of the snake
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;
                */ //used in the original way for moving before it was improved

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headX -= 1;
                drawscreen();

            }
        break;

        case up: //up
        if (headY - 1 == 0 or board[headX][headY - 1] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;
                */

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headY -= 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        case right: //right
        if (headX + 1 == 78 or board[headX + 1][headY] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;
                */

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headX += 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        case down: //down
        if (headY + 1 == 19 or board[headX][headY + 1] == '+')
            {
                gameover();
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                board[TailX][TailY] = ' ';
                TailX = headX;
                TailY = headY;
                */

                board[headX][headY] = ' ';
                headY += 1;
                drawscreen();
            }
        break;

        default:
        // direction = left; //don't use until the direction = 5 problem is worked out
        break;


    }
    Sleep(125);
    }
}

int gameover()
{
    if (score > Hscore)
    {
        ofstream hs ("High-score.txt");
        hs<<score;
    }

    system("CLS");

    cout<<"Good job, you got "<<score<<" points";
    cin.get();
    exit(0);
}

void snakeplus()
{
    if (snakeparts >= snake_max_length)
    {
        movement();
    }
    snakeparts++;
        /*
        switch (direction)
        {
            case left:
            board[TailX + 1][TailY] = '+';
            // direction = 5; //keep until you find a way to add to the snake and make it move
            break;

            case up:
            board[TailX][TailY + 1] = '+';
            // direction = 5;
            break;

            case right:
            board[TailX - 1][TailY] = '+';
            // direction = 5;
            break;

            case down:
            board[TailX][TailY - 1] = '+';
            // direction = 5;
            break;
        }
        */ //used in the old system of moving the snake. buggy if used in the new one
    // drawscreen(); //don't use after the direction = 5 problem is solved
    food();
}

Last edited on

samrux (152)

For now, I'll just say:
DON'T USE SYSTEM. At the beggining of your progam, you can:

1
2

SetConsoleTitle("Snake Game - by Niven");
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),15);

To do the exact same thing, in a better way.

Last edited on

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