When you declare something as "const", you are not wanting that data to change. You want it to stay the same. The keyword "new" is for allocating memory. Mainly used for objects because if you don't allocate any memory for an object, then you are not able to use it! I am in programming school so I am too advanced with the lingo. This is what I understand from it though.
I also agree with naraku9333. You don't want to get ahead of yourself.. learning pointers is an advanced topic.. learning classes is one of the first things you should grasp. once you have your inheritance etc.. all created, then you can worry about coding the fine details.. delcaration, instantiation, logic.. etc