Need list of functions, methods and variables.

I'm going into an contest for programming, but as I am still new to programming, I need all the help I can get.
The contest is for students under 20 (being 20, I got in by an exception-rule).

One thing I need is an useful list of variable-types, functions, and methods, and an short explanation of what they are, and how to use them.

What I need most, is functions/methods that relate to math.

And if it matter, I'm using CodeBlocks, though I have no idea what program I have to use at the contest.
Re: variable-types:

This will help. It describes visual studio data-types but it's mostly applicable to your minGW.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/s3f49ktz(v=vs.80).aspx
thanks, those helps a long way, though, I might also need some for working with strings.
Can't think of anything else to ask for, so I set this as solved.
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