Windows provides many functions to make using the keyboard easy. If you are using another operating system, I'm sure they would provide an equally easy way to utilize the keyboard. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff468859%28v=VS.85%29.aspx Contains the full list of all functions,
But if you are making a game, you should look into http://sfml-dev.org/ it provides a nice interface for using the keyboard, across platforms, as well as a lot of other needed functions for game development.