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Error C3861 issues

bensdixon (3)
Hi guys,

I'm relatively new to C++ and I'm in the process of putting together a physics engine for one of my courses at school.

I'm having problems with the C3861 issue "C3861: 'start_Particle': identifier not found

ParticleModel.H:
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#include "dataTypes.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>

class ParticleModel
{
private:
	// Dynamics parameters (for physics simulation) 
	Point2D 	pos;				// position of particle used as physics model of game object

public:
	ParticleModel(float xPos, float yPos);
	~ParticleModel(void);

	//Projectiles for the bullets fired from the tank.
	void init_Projectiles(void);
	void move_Projectiles(void);
	void draw_Projectiles(void);
	void fire_Projectiles(int angle, float vel);
	
	//Particles for the explosions and other effects.
	void reset_Particles(void);
	void draw_Particles(void);
	void move_Particles(void);
	void start_Particle(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv);	//This is the constructor for the particles
	void start_Particles_Explosion(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv, int num_particles);	//This is the constructor for the explosion
	void start_Particle_Ring(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv, int num_particles);

	//Definitions
	#define max_Particles  256
	#define PARTICLE_STATE_DEAD  0
	#define PARTICLE_STATE_ALIVE 1
	#define PARTICLE_TYPE_FADE  1
	#define RAND_RANGE(x,y) ((x) +(rand()%((y)-(x)+1)))

	int index;	//Used in the for loop

	PARTICLE particles [256];	//Particles used for the engine

	/* Set / get attributes of game object */
	void setPosition(float xCoord, float yCoord);   // Set world position of game object

	Point2D getPosition();							// Get position of game object
};


ParticleModel.cpp
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#include "ParticleModel.h"
#include "lookupTable.h"

ParticleModel::ParticleModel(float xPos, float yPos)
{
	pos.x = xPos;
	pos.y = yPos;
}

ParticleModel::~ParticleModel(void)
{
}

		/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------\
		 *                                                                            |
		 *                  STATE ACCESS (get / set) FUNCTIONS                        |
		 *                                                                            |
		 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/*
 * Sets position of particle.
 *
 * Parameter list
 *        xPos		x-coordinate of position.
 *        yPos		y-coordinate of position.
 */
void ParticleModel::setPosition(float xPos, float yPos)
{
     // position of particle
    pos.x = xPos; pos.y = yPos;
}
    
/* TODO: Add functions to set other particle model parameters, e.g. velocity, acceleration, ... */

   
/*
 * Gets position of particle.
 *
 * Parameter list
 *        none.
 */
Point2D ParticleModel::getPosition()
{
	return pos;
}


//New pieces of information from 13.10

void ParticleModel::reset_Particles(void)
{
	//This initialises and resets the particles within the model
	//Loop through all current particles and set their state to dead
	for (int index = 0; index < max_Particles; index++)
	{
		particles[index].state = PARTICLE_STATE_DEAD;
		particles[index].type = PARTICLE_TYPE_FADE;
		particles[index].x = 0;
		particles[index].y = 0;
		particles[index].xv = 0;
		particles[index].yv = 0;
		particles[index].counter = 0;
		particles[index].max_count = 0;
	}
}	//End reset_Particles

void ParticleModel::start_Particle(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv)
{
	//This initialises a single particle.

	int pindex = -1; //Local declaration of pindex for use in this method only

	//Check to see if any particles are alive
	//If so, set to dead

	for (int index = 0; index < max_Particles; index++)
	if (particles[index].state == PARTICLE_STATE_DEAD)
	{
		//Setting the local index
		pindex = index;
		break;
	}

	if (pindex ==-1)
		return;

	//Setting the general information relating to a particle
	particles[index].state = PARTICLE_STATE_ALIVE;
	particles[index].type = type;
	particles[index].x = x;
	particles[index].y = y;
	particles[index].xv = xv;
	particles[index].yv = yv;
	particles[index].counter = 0;
	particles[index].max_count = count;
}//End start_Particle

void ParticleModel::start_Particles_Explosion(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv, int num_particles)
{
	//This function will start a particle explosion at a given position and velocity
	while(--num_particles >= 0)
	{
		//Calculating a random position in a 360 radius to fire the particle
		int ang = rand()%360;

		//Calculating a random velocity for each particle
		float vel = 2+rand()%4;

		start_Particle(type, count, x+RAND_RANGE(-4,4),y+RAND_RANGE(-4,4),xv+cos_look[ang]*vel, yv+sin_look[ang]*vel);
	}
}//End start_Particle_Explosion

void start_Particle_Ring(int type, int count, int x, int y, int xv, int yv, int num_particles)
{
	//This function starts a particle explision at a given position and velocity
	//Uses the new lookup tables
	
	//Calculate random trajectory angle
	float vel = 2+rand()%4;

	while(--num_particles >=0)
	{
		int ang = rand()%360;

		start_Particle(type, count, x, y, xv+cos_look[ang]*vel, yv+sin_look[ang]*vel);
	}
}//end start_Particle_Ring

void ParticleModel::draw_Particles(void)
{
	for (int index = 0; index < max_Particles; index++)
	{
		//Test to see if particle is alive
		if (particles[index].state = PARTICLE_STATE_ALIVE)
			int x = particles[index].x;
			int y = particles[index].y;

			//Collision detection removed as it is elsewhere in the software.
	}
}


The problem occurs in the start_Particle_Ring method, line 125 in the .cpp file. I've highlighted it in bold also.

Any help to solve this would be greatly appreciated. Ben

EDit: IDE used: Visual Studio 2008
Last edited on
bensdixon (3)
I've just realised the mistake that I have made. I forgot to add the ParticleModel:: before start_Particle_Ring.

With this change in mind, I'm now coming up with the C2011 error with the ParticleModel.h class being redefined.

Nothing more than adding ParticleModel:: has been changed. Any ideas?
anonymous23323124 (1383)
Your header file should have "include guards" to prevent multiple inclusion:
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#ifndef HEADER_FILE_NAME_H
#define HEADER_FILE_NAME_H

// header file content goes here

#endif

This prevents the header file being included multiple times accidentally. If, for example, your "particlemodel.h" header were also included in "lookuptable.h" then a multiple inclusion of "particlemodel.h" in "particlemodel.cpp" would be prevented.

Hope this helps.
bensdixon (3)
It has. Thanks for the quick response, Xander.
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