case 5:
cout << "Enter how many miles per gallon your car does: " << endl;
cin >> car_mpg;
cl.setMPG(car_mpg); // Add this type of thing to each of the cases
break;
to update the object. As at the moment you're not giving it any data.
Because when you were saving out to the file, you were taking the value from the "Car" object - which was initialised with variables containing no data. Changing the variables that you used to initialise the car object doesn't make a difference, because the object has made a local copy of them which it maintains itself and doesn't keep in sync with the variables you passed to it.