I am having trouble finding any functions/objects in the standard C++ libraries for doing things like listing the contents of directories (files, subdirectories), finding the size of disc files, or the date/time stamps on disc files, etc. These things seem to me to be very basic functionality you would expect any language to have, but I cannot seem to find anything in the listings on your site. Do I have to go for something like the Boost libraries to get this sort of functionality?
There is nothing in the standard library for this. You would have to look in Boost as you suggest or OS-specific APIs. The main reason (I would guess) being that filesystem information is beyond the scope of the language or something.