If you do get a newer version of VS I'd suggest it be 2019. It has a lot of improvements over 2017, and doesn't gobble up as much HD space. It also IMO runs more efficiently than 2017.
Make sure you include the C++ workload when installing VS.
https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/installing-an-integrated-development-environment-ide/
FYI, MSVC, 2017 or 2019, defaults to C++14 as the language standard. 2017 & 2019 can compile with C++14, C++17 or some features in C++2a. If you want to compile any pre-C++14 code you will probably need to make some changes to the code.
For instance, if you are using
std::random_shuffle to reorder the elements of a container that
<algorithm> library function was deprecated in C++14 and removed entirely in C++17.
std::shuffle is the function you should use.
Another "for instance:"
The Boost libraries. I like to build the binary libs from the Boost source. Creating release and debug lib files for Boost 1.73.0 for both x86 and x64 creates 152 lib files. For VS2017 that is 1.59GB. VS2019 is 1.28GB.
Boost 1.72.0 creates 148 lib files at 1.67GB for VS2017 and 1.36GB for VS2019. Two less libraries, more space required. Go figure. *scratches head*