You might benefit with a from-the-ground-up online tutorial that deals with most of what C++ has to offer:
https://www.learncpp.com/
You could go from start to finish. Or use the index page to poke around to find a topic that piques your interest.
There are examples and code snippets you could (and should) try to recreate by typing them yourself. Learning to fix the mistakes you make is a learning experience in itself.
I have both VS 2017 and 2019 installed, and I prefer 2019. 2019 is (for an app from MS) leaner and more responsive than 2017. 2019 seems to be more frequently updated than 2017.
The options to create new projects for me are a bit more intuitive, with less multiple dialog boxes to slog through.
At first I missed having the Start Page in 2019. Now I am glad that extra layer is out of my way.
I use two new project options.
1. Blank Project. Configures the settings needed to make a console mode app without adding any generic source file(s). No nonsense of using precompiled headers.
2. Windows Desktop Wizard. Allows for configuring the settings for Windows desktop apps, DLLs, static libs. I select the "Empty project" so I don't have to deal with generic source files, I add what I want.
I understand the concept of precompiled headers, but I avoid using the feature. It can be more hassle than they are worth at times.
The only real world use is with large multi-file projects that can take hours to compile from scratch when you make a change in one source file.
Learning C++ I doubt you will be running up against that "problem." Even my largest Win32 API game programs take a minute or two at most to compile from scratch.