I'm new to C++ programming and was wondering what is the best way to set up any compiler without having to alter PATH environment variable and things like that. A single-click installer for any compiler shall help. (Not GCC.)
Compilers are just that: the only thing they do is compile code.
What you want is an IDE (the visual editor) and the compiler bundled together. GCC is just a compiler, all it'll do it take input as code and compile it.
What compilers you'll have at your disposal depends on the OS you are running. Are you using Windows? Mac? Linux (and if so, what distribution)?
I personally use Visual Studio on Windows 10, but Code::Blocks (an IDE) exists for Windows, Mac, and Linux. You can check it out here: http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26
There are plenty of other IDEs. If you REALLY want to JUST install a compiler, you can, but you'll have to set up the environment yourself.