Error/Program aborts

[comellie]

For my program the user needs to enter the string all_data in the format author|year|author
ex) Catcher in the Rye|1951|J. D. Salinger
but whenever I try to enter a title or author that is more than one word I get an error.
Whenever I try and enter a title that is more than one word, I get this error
"terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::invalid_argument'
what(): stoi
Abort (core dumped)"
and whenever I try and enter an author that is more than one word it reads the second word an the next input.
I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong...

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

class Book
{
public:
  //constructors
  //default construcor (no parameters)
  Book(); //sets book's default values
  Book(string new_title, int new_year, string new_author); //reads in new values for the book's title, year, and author
  Book(string all_data); //splits all_data string into separate title, year, and author

  //getters
  string get_title(); //function to get the book's title
  int get_year(); //function to get the book's year
  string get_author(); //function to get the book's author

  //setters
  void set_title(string new_title);
  void set_year(int new_year);
  void set_author(string new_author);

  void print_book();
  bool match_title(string target_title);
  bool match_year(string target_year);
  bool match_author(string target_author);
  bool match(string target);

  string convert_target_title(string tatget_title);
  string convert_target_author(string target_author);
  string convert_target(string target);

private:
  string title;
  int year;
  string author;
  
  string convert_title(string title);
  string convert_author(string author);
  
};

string convert_target_title(string target_title);

int main()
{
  Book b; //default constructor called
  Book b2("Catcher In the Rye", 1951, "J. D. Salinger");
 
  b.set_title("The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy");
  b.set_year(1979);
  b.set_author("Douglas Adams");

  string all_data;
  string target_title;
  string target_year;
  string target_author;
  string target;

  cout << "Enter all_data text: " << endl;
  cin >> all_data;
  Book b3(all_data);

  cout << "Enter title/year/author to search: " << endl;
  cin >> target;
  b3.match(target);

  cout << "Enter title to search: " << endl;
  cin >> target_title;
  b3.match_title(target_title);
  
  cout << "Enter year to search: " << endl;
  cin >> target_year;
  b3.match_year(target_year);
  
  cout << "Enter author to search: " << endl;
  cin >> target_author;
  b3.match_author(target_author);

  //b.print_book();
  //b2.print_book();
  b3.print_book();

  return 0;
}

Book::Book()
{
  title = "***";
  year = 0;
  author = "***";
}

Book::Book(string new_title, int new_year, string new_author)
{
  title = new_title;
  year = new_year;
  author = new_author;
}

Book::Book(string all_data)
{
  string s_year = to_string(year);
  int length = all_data.length();
  int index = all_data.find('|', 0);
  title = all_data.substr(0, index);
  int index2 = all_data.find('|', index + 1);
  s_year = all_data.substr(index + 1, 4);
  author = all_data.substr(index2 + 1, length - index2);

  int i_year = stoi(s_year);
  year = i_year;
}

string Book::get_title()
{
  return title;
}

int Book::get_year()
{
  return year;
}

string Book::get_author()
{
  return author;
}

void Book::set_title(string new_title)
{
  title = new_title;
}

void Book::set_year(int new_year)
{
  year = new_year;
}

void Book::set_author(string new_author)
{
  author = new_author;
}

void Book::print_book()
{
  cout << "Title: " << title << endl;
  cout << "Year Published: " << year << endl;
  cout << "Author: " << author << endl;
}

bool Book::match_title(string target_title) 
{

  string low_target_title = convert_target_title(target_title);
  string low_title = convert_title(title);

  if(low_title.find(low_target_title) != string::npos)
    {
      cout << "Title matches." << endl;
      return true;
    }
  else
    {
      cout << "Title does not match." << endl;
      return false;
    }
}

bool Book::match_author(string target_author)
{
  string low_target_author = convert_target_author(target_author);
  string low_author = convert_author(author);

  if(low_author.find(low_target_author) != string::npos)
    {
      cout << "Author matches" << endl;
      return true;
    } 
  else
    {
      cout << "Author does not match." << endl;
      return false;
    }
}
 
bool Book::match_year(string target_year)
{
  string str_year = to_string(year);

  if(str_year.find(target_year) != string::npos)
    {
      cout << "Year matches." << endl;
      return(true);
    }
  else
    {
      cout << "Year does not match." << endl;
      return(false);
    }
}

bool Book::match(string target)
{
  string low_title = convert_title(title);
  string low_author = convert_author(author);
  string str_year = to_string(year);
  string low_target = convert_target(target);

  if(low_title.find(target) != string::npos || str_year.find(target) != string::npos  || low_author.find(target) != string::npos)
    {
      cout << "Target matches" << endl;
      return(true);
    }
  else
    {
      cout << "Target does not match." << endl;
      return(false);
    }
}

string Book::convert_target_title(string target_title)
{
  for(int i = 0; i < target_title.length(); i++)
    {
      target_title[i] = tolower(target_title[i]);
    }
  return(target_title);
}

string Book::convert_target_author(string target_author)
{
  for(int i = 0; i < target_author.length(); i++)
    {
      target_author[i] = tolower(target_author[i]);
    }

  return (target_author);
}

string Book::convert_title(string title)
{
  for(int i = 0; i < title.length(); i++)
    {
      title[i] = tolower(title[i]);
    }
  return(title);
}

string Book::convert_author(string author)
{
  for(int i = 0; i < author.length(); i++)
    {
      author[i] = tolower(author[i]);
    }

  return(author);
}

string Book::convert_target(string target)
{
  for(int i = 0; i < target.length(); i++)
    {
      target[i] = tolower(target[i]);
    }

  return(target);
}