To place a "*" at nth index you use the assignment operator: a[n] = "*". What you have used is the + operator which has been overloaded in the string class for concatenation.
Can I somehow do this with a for loop, so that it can add a * to every index?
Yes. You just iterate over the array and perform the same operation to each index.
But let's say that I don't have a "*" at every index. In the first iteration of a loop I would do a[i]= "*", but what if I want to add to that index? So a[i] already has a "*", so how would I add another "*" to that index?