If I explain your code that I get the following code:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
int x = 20, y = 2;
do
{
x = x - (x-2); // x gets 20 - (20 - 2)
y = y + 4; // y is assigned value 6
cout << x << "";
}while (y <= 16); // after first itaration x gets 2, y gets 6
x = x + 1;
cout << x << "" << y << endl;
You could track the iterations till the end.