Explanation of this code

yogurt (41)
Ok. I am teaching myself C++ mostly by looking at tuts online and such. I tried to make a simple command line calculator(success) and am finshing a unit converter(almost done). I started to make a bigger project like a craps game just expand on it and change the game to suit my likes and dislikes. I will not explain what i want, but i thought that a good way to make a "CRAPS" game was to look at the source code of another. I did and i had no idea what it meant. I will post the VERY, VERY ,VERY long code. I was wondering if any good citizen would put in comments explaining what everything does. NOTE: i do know switch, and while stuff. I'm up to as some describe as the steep learning code or some other bullshit where it gets really hard and every textbook i read or tut wont explain it simply in my langauge(english lol:)_) Could somebody please comment and explain each of the elements of the code. For instance i dont know what an array, most stuff bout classes, static or something like that. So, please could someone explain anything. I don't know if it'll fit, so you can send the explained code to philbelder@yahoo.com. I know it looks like im asking a pointless task, but i want to learn all this stuff and this is a way that works for me. Thank you:)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <Time.h>
#include <StdIO.h>

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define MAX_INPUT_CHARS	127
#define ARRSIZE(arr)	(sizeof (arr) / sizeof (arr [0]))
#define CHAR_DOT	0x04
#define CHAR_SIDE	0xB3
#define CHAR_TOP	0xC4
#define CHAR_BOTTOM	0xC4
#define CHAR_RIGHT_TOP	0xBF
#define CHAR_LEFT_BOTTOM	0xC0
#define CHAR_RIGHT_BOTTOM	0xD9
#define CHAR_LEFT_TOP	0xDA
#define CHAR_NULL	'\0'
#define CHAR_BLANK	0x20
#define LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT	(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
#define LIGHT_RED_TEXT	(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY)
#define LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT	(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN)
#define LIGHT_CYAN_TEXT (FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY)
#define CYAN_TEXT (FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN)
#define WHITE_TEXT (LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY)
#define YELLOW_TEXT	(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY)

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static CHAR* arrYouHaveNoMoney [] = {
	"\nCASINO: Hey! Security! Why did you let that bum in?!..\n",
	"\nCASINO: What the... Get him, boys!..\n",
	"\nCASINO: Sir, are you trying to pick on our fine establishment?\n",
	"\nCASINO: I see... Get the hell out!\n",
	"\nCASINO: Funny guy...\n"
	};

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static CHAR str_OneRightDot [] = {
	CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_DOT, CHAR_NULL };

static CHAR str_OneLeftDot [] = {
	CHAR_DOT, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_NULL };

static CHAR str_TwoDots [] = {
	CHAR_DOT, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_DOT, CHAR_NULL };

static CHAR str_NoDots [] = {
	CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_NULL };

static CHAR str_CentralDot [] = {
	CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_DOT, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_BLANK, CHAR_NULL };

static UCHAR str_DiceTop [] = {
	CHAR_LEFT_TOP,
	CHAR_TOP, CHAR_TOP, CHAR_TOP, CHAR_TOP, CHAR_TOP,
	CHAR_RIGHT_TOP, CHAR_NULL };

static UCHAR str_DiceBottom [] = {
	CHAR_LEFT_BOTTOM,
	CHAR_BOTTOM, CHAR_BOTTOM, CHAR_BOTTOM, CHAR_BOTTOM, CHAR_BOTTOM,
	CHAR_RIGHT_BOTTOM, CHAR_NULL };

static UCHAR str_DiceSide [] = { CHAR_SIDE, CHAR_NULL };

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct
	{
	CHAR* m_pstrRows [3];
	}
	DICE_TEXT_IMAGE;

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static DICE_TEXT_IMAGE AllSix [] = {
		{ str_NoDots, str_CentralDot, str_NoDots }, // Face with 1 dot
		{ str_OneRightDot, str_NoDots, str_OneLeftDot }, // Face with 2 dots
		{ str_OneRightDot, str_CentralDot, str_OneLeftDot }, // Face with 3 dots
		{ str_TwoDots, str_NoDots, str_TwoDots }, // Face with 4 dots
		{ str_TwoDots, str_CentralDot, str_TwoDots}, // Face with 5 dots
		{ str_TwoDots, str_TwoDots, str_TwoDots } // Face with 6 dots
	};

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
class apiConsole
	{
	private:
		HANDLE m_hInput;
		HANDLE m_hOutput;
		CHAR m_strInputBuffer [MAX_INPUT_CHARS+1];

	public:
		// Console constructor:
		apiConsole () {
			// Retrieve the I/O handles:
			m_hInput = GetStdHandle (STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
			m_hOutput = GetStdHandle (STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
			}

		// Console destructor:
		~apiConsole () {
			// Apply default text color:
			SetConsoleTextAttribute (m_hOutput, LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT);
			}

		// Just dump it on console:
		void Msg (CHAR* pstrText, WORD wAttribute) {
			DWORD dwCharsStored;

			SetConsoleTextAttribute (m_hOutput, wAttribute);
			WriteConsole (m_hOutput, pstrText, strlen (pstrText), &dwCharsStored, NULL);
			}

		// Format the integer:
		void PutInt (CHAR* pstrFormatting, int iValue, WORD wAttribute) {
			CHAR strOut [256];

			sprintf (strOut, pstrFormatting, iValue);
			Msg (strOut, wAttribute);
			}

		// Returns the input text or NULL, if empty string was entered:
		CHAR* Ask4Input (CHAR* pstrPrompt) {
			DWORD dwCharsStored;

			// Prompt text:
			Msg (pstrPrompt, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);

			// Get the string from user:
			SetConsoleTextAttribute (m_hOutput, LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT);
			if (ReadConsole (m_hInput, m_strInputBuffer, MAX_INPUT_CHARS, &dwCharsStored, NULL)) {
				if (dwCharsStored == 2) {
					return NULL; // Only CR-LF was entered.
					}
				m_strInputBuffer [dwCharsStored-2] = CHAR_NULL;
				return m_strInputBuffer;
				}
			return NULL; // 'ReadConsole()' failed.
			}

		// Returns TRUE if input was not cancelled:
		BOOL Ask4Integer (CHAR* pstrPrompt, int& iResult) {
			CHAR* pstrInput;

			if ((pstrInput = Ask4Input (pstrPrompt)) != NULL) {
				iResult = atoi (pstrInput);
				return TRUE;
				}
			iResult = 0;
			return FALSE;
			}

		// Dump a message from array:
		void RandomMsg (CHAR* arrMessages [], int iArrSize, WORD wAttribute) {
			Msg (arrMessages [rand () % iArrSize], wAttribute);
			}

		// Returns TRUE if user answered "y" or "Y":
		BOOL Verify (CHAR* pstrPrompt) {
			CHAR* pstrInput;

			while (1) {
				if ((pstrInput = Ask4Input (pstrPrompt)) != NULL) {
					strupr (pstrInput);
					if (strcmp (pstrInput, "Y") == 0) {
						break;
						}
					if (strcmp (pstrInput, "N") == 0) {
						return FALSE;
						}
					}
				}
			return TRUE;
			}
	};

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct
	{
	int m_arrGamesLost [20];
	int m_arrGamesWon [20];
	int m_iGamesLostAfter20th_throw;
	int m_iGamesWonAfter20th_throw;
	int m_iGamesPlayed;
	int m_iGamesLost;
	int m_iGamesWon;
	int m_iMoneyWon;
	int m_iMoneyLost;
	}
	STATISTICS;

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
class crapsGame
	{
	private:
		apiConsole m_Console;
		STATISTICS m_Stats;
		int m_iBalance;
		int m_iBet;

	public:
		// Application constructor:
		crapsGame () {
			// Set up random generator:
			srand (time (NULL));

			// Clean the statistics:
			memset (&m_Stats, 0, sizeof (m_Stats));
			}

		// Set up the bet:
		void Ask4Bet () {
			int iBetValue;

			while (1) {
				m_Console.PutInt ("\nCASINO: Your balance is: %d dollars.", m_iBalance, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
				if (m_Console.Ask4Integer ("\nCASINO: What is your bet amount for the game: ", iBetValue)) {
					if ((iBetValue > 0) && (iBetValue <= m_iBalance)) {
						m_iBet = iBetValue;
						break;
						}
					else {
						if (iBetValue > m_iBalance) {
							m_Console.Msg ("\nCASINO: This bet will not be covered by your balance.\n", LIGHT_RED_TEXT);
							}
						else {
							m_Console.Msg ("\nCASINO: Please, enter the corrected amount.\n", LIGHT_RED_TEXT);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
yogurt (41)
Not enough room :)

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// Roll once:
		void Roll (int& iDice1, int& iDice2)
			{
			// Ask to roll it:
			CHAR* pstrRoll;
			DWORD dwTickCount = GetTickCount ();

			while (1) {
				if ((pstrRoll = m_Console.Ask4Input ("\nCASINO: Enter 'r' to roll dice: ")) != NULL) {
					if (strcmp (pstrRoll, "r") == 0) {
						break;
						}
					}
				}

			// Skip some random values, depending on human waiting
			// time, so the rolls will not be repetitive:
			DWORD dwTicks = (GetTickCount () - dwTickCount) % 127;

			while (dwTicks--) {
				rand ();
				}

			// Do it already!..
			iDice1 = 1 + (rand () % 6);
			iDice2 = 1 + (rand () % 6);

			// Display the dice:
			m_Console.Msg ("\n", CYAN_TEXT);
			m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceTop, CYAN_TEXT);
			m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceTop, CYAN_TEXT);

			DICE_TEXT_IMAGE* pImage1 = &(AllSix [iDice1-1]);
			DICE_TEXT_IMAGE* pImage2 = &(AllSix [iDice2-1]);

			for (int iRow=0; iRow<3; iRow++) {
				m_Console.Msg ("\n", CYAN_TEXT);

				m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceSide, CYAN_TEXT);
				m_Console.Msg (pImage1->m_pstrRows [iRow], LIGHT_CYAN_TEXT);
				m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceSide, CYAN_TEXT);

				m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceSide, CYAN_TEXT);
				m_Console.Msg (pImage2->m_pstrRows [iRow], LIGHT_CYAN_TEXT);
				m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceSide, CYAN_TEXT);
				}

			m_Console.Msg ("\n", CYAN_TEXT);
			m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceBottom, CYAN_TEXT);
			m_Console.Msg ((CHAR*) str_DiceBottom, CYAN_TEXT);
			}

		// A single game from the series of games:
		void PlayOneTime () {
			int iDice1, iDice2;
			BOOL bHouseWins = TRUE; // He-he! Good one!

			Ask4Bet ();
			Roll (iDice1, iDice2);
			switch (iDice1+iDice2) {
				case 7:
				case 11:
					// First throw wins!
					(m_Stats.m_arrGamesWon [0])++;
					bHouseWins = FALSE;
					m_Stats.m_iGamesWon++;
					break;
				case 2:
				case 3:
				case 12:
					// First throw loses!
					(m_Stats.m_arrGamesLost [0])++;
					m_Stats.m_iGamesLost++;
					break;
				default:
					{
					int iSum;
					int iThrows = 1;
					int iYourPoint = iDice1 + iDice2;

					// Declare a POINT right away:
					m_Console.PutInt ("\nCASINO: Your point is: %d", iYourPoint, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);

					// Try to make a point before 7:
					while (1) {
						Roll (iDice1, iDice2);
						m_Console.PutInt ("\nCASINO: Your point was: %d", iYourPoint, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
						m_Console.PutInt ("\nCASINO: You rolled now: %d", iDice1 + iDice2, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
						iThrows++;
						if ((iSum = iDice1 + iDice2) == 7) {
							// Loss!
							if (iThrows > 20) {
								m_Stats.m_iGamesLostAfter20th_throw++;
								}
							else {
								(m_Stats.m_arrGamesLost [iThrows-1])++;
								}
							m_Stats.m_iGamesLost++;
							break;
							}

						if (iSum == iYourPoint) {
							// Win!
							bHouseWins = FALSE;
							if (iThrows > 20) {
								m_Stats.m_iGamesWonAfter20th_throw++;
								}
							else {
								(m_Stats.m_arrGamesWon [iThrows-1])++;
								}
							m_Stats.m_iGamesWon++;
							break;
							}
						}
					}
				}
			m_Console.Msg (
				bHouseWins ? "\nCASINO: House wins!" : "\nCASINO: You win.",
				WHITE_TEXT);

			// Adjust the balance:
			if (bHouseWins) {
				m_iBalance -= m_iBet;
				m_Stats.m_iMoneyLost += m_iBet;
				}
			else {
				m_iBalance += m_iBet;
				m_Stats.m_iMoneyWon += m_iBet;
				}
			m_Console.PutInt ("\nCASINO: Your balance is: %d dollars.", m_iBalance, LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
			}

		// Statistics per throws:
		void StatsOnThrows (CHAR* pstrTitle, int* arrGameResults, int iGamesOver20Throws) {
			int iOut = 0;

			m_Console.Msg (pstrTitle, LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT);
			for (int iResult=0; iResult<20; iResult++) {
				if (arrGameResults [iResult] > 0) {
					CHAR strFormatted [128];

					sprintf (strFormatted, "\n-- On the throw #%d - %d games", iResult+1, arrGameResults [iResult]);
					m_Console.Msg (strFormatted, YELLOW_TEXT);
					iOut++;
					}
				}

			if (iGamesOver20Throws > 0) {
				m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- On more than 20 throws: %d games", iGamesOver20Throws, YELLOW_TEXT);
				iOut++;
				}

			if (iOut == 0) {
				m_Console.Msg ("\nNone.", YELLOW_TEXT);
				}
			}

		// Lights, camera, action!..
		void Run () {
			// Ask for balance:
			if (m_Console.Ask4Integer (
					"CASINO: How much money are you willing to use in this session? -> ",
					m_iBalance)) {
				if (m_iBalance <= 0) {
					// No money, eh?!
					m_Console.RandomMsg (arrYouHaveNoMoney, ARRSIZE (arrYouHaveNoMoney), LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
					}
				else {
					// Start playing:
					while (1) {
						PlayOneTime ();
						m_Stats.m_iGamesPlayed++;
						if (m_iBalance == 0) {
							m_Console.Msg ("\nCASINO: Sir, maybe next time you will have more luck...", LIGHT_GREEN_TEXT);
							break;
							}

						if (! m_Console.Verify ("\n\nCASINO: Do you want another game? Y/N -> ")) {
							break;
							}
						}

					// Dump statistics:
					m_Console.Msg ("\n\nSTATISTICS:", LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- Games played: %d", m_Stats.m_iGamesPlayed, YELLOW_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- Games won: %d", m_Stats.m_iGamesWon, YELLOW_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- Games lost: %d", m_Stats.m_iGamesLost, YELLOW_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n\n-- Money won: %d dollars", m_Stats.m_iMoneyWon, YELLOW_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- Money lost: %d dollars", m_Stats.m_iMoneyLost, YELLOW_TEXT);
					m_Console.PutInt ("\n-- Money left: %d dollars", m_iBalance, YELLOW_TEXT);

					StatsOnThrows ("\n\nLOSING GAMES DETAILS:", m_Stats.m_arrGamesLost, m_Stats.m_iGamesLostAfter20th_throw);
					StatsOnThrows ("\n\nWINNING GAMES DETAILS:", m_Stats.m_arrGamesWon, m_Stats.m_iGamesWonAfter20th_throw);

					m_Console.Msg ("\n", LIGHT_GRAY_TEXT);
					}
				}
			}
	};

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main ()
	{
	crapsGame app;
	app.Run ();
	return 0;
	}
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