So, what you have right now would return an array character. If it was returning the char array, it would give that to whatever is calling it.
char x[] = student.name_student();
To just change the array, just say " name = <the string you want>;" and change the char to void in the front of the function. I personally think the string datatype would be much more helpful to you as well.
So instead of char[30] name;, I would recommend string name;. And don't forget the #include <string> to use it.