If you need parallel arrays with coupled data, that means you should encase data in structure.
Assuming you need to read only points where z < 1.4 and skip others:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
usingnamespace std;
int main()
{
std::vector<float> mes_x;
std::vector<float> mes_z;
float x;
float z,t;
int i, a,b;
ifstream fin;
fin.open("input.txt");
float min =50;
for( int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
{
fin >> x >> z;
mes_x.push_back(x);
mes_z.push_back(z);
for(auto &x : mes_x)
{
while (z < 1.4)
{
t = z;
b=i;
}
}
cout << " Point no " << i << " abscisse =" << x << " ; cote = " << t << '\n';
}
// cout << "\nLe point bas du profil en travers a pour numero: " << a << endl;
fin.close();
return 0;
}