Libraries just add a bunch of functions/structs/classes that you can use, which do different things. C++ even comes with its own library (STL) which you've probably already used (like... cout, fstream, cin, string, etc).
They don't change the language. They just provide some things that you can use from within the language to do things you otherwise couldn't.
They are helper libraries. Basically make it easier to focus on the graphics side of things without having to worry so much about the ins and outs of every possible hardware configuration, memory management and enable you to code what you need, without having a deep knowledge of all the math behind it. You should however understand the math behind it (at least at a basic level).