As I've come to understand, a database is nothing more than a regular text file storing values in a specific pattern. The only thing you need to grab info from the database is a way to grab individual values.
I recently came up with a mod for a game that sent variables about the game to a database or I'm going to make...It's not done yet. Then when my C++ client software opens up, it shows the variables given to the database from the ingame mod. I'm extremely new to any kind of database and as a result I have to ask...
What would be the most simple of database for this?
MySQL seems to have it's own API of functions which I'm sure most do so I'm a bit puzzled on how to choose.
Well, you could certainly use a plain text file as a database, but then you'd be limited to sequential access. That's one of the problems of XML "databases".
MySQL is a fully-featured SQL client-server architecture. A server process runs on one computer and client processes run on different (or the same) computers and establish a connection, often with a user name-password pair. This may be what you're looking for. I'm not sure what exactly you mean by "sending variables to a database". Is the database remote and shared or local and locked by the mod? If it's the former, the MySQL is probably what you need. Otherwise, there's SQLite, which instead of establishing a connection with a server from a client, the server and the client are the same process, and the database is opened as though it was just another file (mostly because it is a file).
Your initial statement isn't quite right. A database is more than a regular text file storing values.
It could be that your game has simple storage requirements, so storing your values in a local file may be sufficient for your needs. Generally, you should go with the most simple solution.
MySQL is a relational database and as such, deals with datasets and relational operations on that data.
If you want to dabble with a much simpler inprocess SQL database, check out SQLite-3, or if you want to dabble with something more file-like, check out Berkeley-DB.