if i were you i would set the data in the array into a variable and then
if (x==1) {cout << "decade [0] = *"}
and do that for every generation.
(set a value for the asterisks, then measure the value to print the character amount)
but that's just me, and I'm another beginner.
#include<iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include<string>
using std::string;
int main(){
string sArray[5];
int limit=1;
for(int index=0;index<5;index++){
for(int write=1;write<=limit;write++){
sArray[index]+="*";
}//end inner loop for
limit*=2;
}//end outer loop for
for(int index=0;index<5;index++){
cout<<sArray[index]<<'\n';
}//end loop for
return 0; //indicates successful termination
}//end main