That got it to stop whining about not finding it. However, once I try to run Bootstrap I get
Building Boost.Build engine
'cl' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
Failed to build Boost.Build engine.
Please consult bootstrap.log for further diagnostics.
You can try to obtain a prebuilt binary from
http://sf.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&package_id=72941
Also, you can file an issue at http://svn.boost.org
Please attack bootstrap.log in that case.
As it happens, I built Boost (1.53.0) on VS2010 just a couple of days ago.
I'm not near a Windows box at the moment, so I can't recall the name of the macro/paths. But you need to run vsvars32.bat for your Visual Studio installation. The instructions are here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/1700bbwd.aspx
The idea is you can have multiple Visual Studio versions installed. And you choose which one you want to use by running the vsvars32.bat for that installation. The path to it is in the environment, but I can't recall the exact variable name.
Anyway, run Visual Studio's vsvars32, run Boost's boostrap, then run Boost's b2.
EDIT: I think the environment variable is VS100COMNTOOLS for VS2010, so you ought to be able to run %VS100COMNTOOLS%\vsvars32.bat
Well, the shortcut which opens a VS 2010 command prompt should have run vsvars32.bat for you (that's the only difference between it and a regular command prompt.)
Have you tried opening a VS 2010 command prompt and then checking what's now defined in the environment, having made the fix suggested by the stackoverflow.com post (and its links); I usually pipe set into a file, which contains these value on my PC (it's running 32-bit Windows)
Note the INCLUDE, LIB, PATH values have been tidied up; and the PATH is just the first so many entries, as it goes on for quite a while thanks to Windows, Git, SVN, Python, etc.
DevEnvDir=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\
Framework35Version=v3.5
FrameworkDir=C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\
FrameworkDIR32=C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\
FrameworkVersion=v4.0.30319
FrameworkVersion32=v4.0.30319
INCLUDE=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\INCLUDE;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\include;
LIB=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\LIB;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\lib;
Path=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\BIN;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\Tools;
C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319;
C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\VCPackages;
C:\Program Files\HTML Help Workshop;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools;
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin;
...
VCINSTALLDIR=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\
VS100COMNTOOLS=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\Tools\
VSINSTALLDIR=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\
WindowsSdkDir=C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\