Question about functions that have :: in them

Hello, this is my first post on this website. I'm very interested in programming and I'm also learning python. However, on a website (Edabit) where I'm trying to learn how to code, I have to write functions. Sometimes in these challenges, I see things like 'std::vector<int>' or 'std::vector<std::string> addEnding(std::vector<std::string> arr, std::string ending) {' at the top of the function. What is that supposed to be? How do I approach solving those problems? How much of that do I put in the part of the function I write?\

If you go to Edabit and try some of their challenges, you will see what I mean.
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